一、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)基(ji)礎知識(shi)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)內容(rong)(rong) 1. 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)定義與概念(nian) - 在(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)培(pei)訓課程中,首先(xian)會(hui)涉(she)及采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)定義。這是(shi)讓學員(yuan)對(dui)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)工作有(you)(you)(you)整體認知的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)是(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從外(wai)部獲取貨物(wu)、服務、技術等(deng)(deng)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)一種商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)活動。例(li)如,一個(ge)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)原材(cai)料來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)生(sheng)產,而一個(ge)服務型(xing)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)能需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)辦(ban)公用品等(deng)(deng)服務相關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)。 - 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)程也是(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內容(rong)(rong)。它(ta)涵蓋(gai)從需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)識(shi)別(bie)開始,經過供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)尋(xun)找、報(bao)價(jia)比較、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)合(he)(he)同(tong)簽訂,到(dao)(dao)最終貨物(wu)接(jie)(jie)收和(he)付款(kuan)等(deng)(deng)一系列環節。學員(yuan)了(le)解(jie)這些流(liu)程有(you)(you)(you)助于在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)時(shi)考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)(dao)各個(ge)環節可(ke)能產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。 - 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)概念(nian)和(he)原則同(tong)樣不可(ke)忽(hu)視。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)合(he)(he)同(tong)明確(que)了(le)買賣雙方的(de)(de)(de)權利和(he)義務,包(bao)括貨物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格(ge)、價(jia)格(ge)、交貨期等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)條(tiao)款(kuan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)時(shi),需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)依(yi)據合(he)(he)同(tong)條(tiao)款(kuan)來(lai)預(yu)(yu)(yu)估資(zi)金的(de)(de)(de)支出和(he)分配。 2. 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)知識(shi) - 企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)什(shen)么(me)要(yao)(yao)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)是(shi)一個(ge)關(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵問題。在(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)訓中會(hui)講(jiang)解(jie)到(dao)(dao),編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)可(ke)以使企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提前規(gui)劃(hua)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)獲取,確(que)保生(sheng)產或運營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)連續性。例(li)如,生(sheng)產企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)如果沒有(you)(you)(you)合(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua),可(ke)能會(hui)面臨原材(cai)料短(duan)缺而導(dao)致(zhi)生(sheng)產線停工的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。 - 學員(yuan)還(huan)會(hui)學習在(zai)(zai)(zai)什(shen)么(me)情(qing)況(kuang)下需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)。比如企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)推出新產品、擴大生(sheng)產規(gui)模、市(shi)場(chang)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)發生(sheng)重(zhong)大變化等(deng)(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)時(shi),都需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)重(zhong)新編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)。 - 依(yi)據什(shen)么(me)去編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)也是(shi)重(zhong)點內容(rong)(rong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)產企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)通(tong)常依(yi)據生(sheng)產計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)來(lai)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量、產品的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格(ge)等(deng)(deng)因素(su)。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)流(liu)通(tong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)可(ke)根(gen)據銷售(shou)(shou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據預(yu)(yu)(yu)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)銷售(shou)(shou)量、銷售(shou)(shou)區域(yu)等(deng)(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)來(lai)確(que)定采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量和(he)種類。 - 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)包(bao)括的(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)(rong)十分豐富。例(li)如,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)要(yao)(yao)明確(que)所需(xu)(xu)原料、零部件等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量,這直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系到(dao)(dao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)預(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)中的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量計(ji)(ji)算(suan)。同(tong)時(shi),還(huan)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)因素(su),包(bao)括采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、運輸成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、存儲成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)等(deng)(deng)。另外(wai),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)一定區別(bie),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)更(geng)注重(zhong)與生(sheng)產流(liu)程的(de)(de)(de)匹(pi)配,商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)則更(geng)多考(kao)慮(lv)市(shi)場(chang)銷售(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。
二、供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容 1. 供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)選(xuan)擇(ze) - 在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算培(pei)訓中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)選(xuan)擇(ze)是供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要環(huan)節。學(xue)(xue)員(yuan)(yuan)將學(xue)(xue)習如(ru)何(he)尋找合適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)。這(zhe)包括通(tong)(tong)過(guo)市(shi)場調研、行業(ye)(ye)推薦、網絡搜索(suo)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)來確(que)定(ding)潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)。例如(ru),一(yi)家(jia)服裝企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)布(bu)料時(shi),可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)參加(jia)面料展會(hui)(hui)(hui)、咨詢同行企(qi)業(ye)(ye)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)找到(dao)多個布(bu)料供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)。 - 評估供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)(zhun)也是重(zhong)點(dian)內(nei)容。這(zhe)些(xie)標準(zhun)(zhun)包括供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品質(zhi)量(liang)、價格(ge)、交(jiao)貨能(neng)(neng)力(li)、信(xin)譽(yu)等(deng)。只有選(xuan)擇(ze)了優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang),才能(neng)(neng)在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)地預(yu)估成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)和(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。如(ru)果供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品質(zhi)量(liang)不穩定(ding),可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)增加(jia)額外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)用于檢(jian)驗和(he)(he)篩(shai)選(xuan)。 2. 供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理 - 培(pei)訓課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)涉及(ji)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),如(ru)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)倒閉、資(zi)金鏈(lian)斷裂等(deng)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算來說,供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)會(hui)(hui)(hui)直接影響到(dao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)穩定(ding)性和(he)(he)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。如(ru)果供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)倒閉,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)需要緊急尋找新的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang),這(zhe)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)上升。 - 如(ru)何(he)規避(bi)和(he)(he)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)這(zhe)些(xie)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)也是學(xue)(xue)習內(nei)容。例如(ru),企(qi)業(ye)(ye)可(ke)以通(tong)(tong)過(guo)與多個供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)合作、簽訂長期合同與短期合同相結合等(deng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)來降低(di)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要考慮到(dao)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)措施(shi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額外(wai)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。 3. 供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)協(xie)作 - 供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)與企(qi)業(ye)(ye)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)作關系對(dui)(dui)(dui)于采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算有著重(zhong)要影響。良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)作可(ke)以提(ti)高采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)效(xiao)率,降低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。例如(ru),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)與企(qi)業(ye)(ye)可(ke)以通(tong)(tong)過(guo)信(xin)息共享,提(ti)前安排生(sheng)(sheng)產和(he)(he)交(jiao)貨計劃(hua),減少庫存(cun)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。在(zai)培(pei)訓中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),學(xue)(xue)員(yuan)(yuan)將學(xue)(xue)習如(ru)何(he)建立和(he)(he)維護(hu)這(zhe)種協(xie)作關系,以及(ji)如(ru)何(he)在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體現協(xie)作帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)益。
三、談(tan)(tan)(tan)判(pan)與(yu)(yu)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理內容(rong) 1. 談(tan)(tan)(tan)判(pan)策(ce)略與(yu)(yu)技巧(qiao) - 談(tan)(tan)(tan)判(pan)是采(cai)(cai)購(gou)人員必備的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力。在培訓課程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),會教授談(tan)(tan)(tan)判(pan)的(de)(de)策(ce)略。例(li)如(ru),是采(cai)(cai)取強硬(ying)策(ce)略還(huan)是合(he)(he)作(zuo)策(ce)略,要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據(ju)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)談(tan)(tan)(tan)判(pan)對象和談(tan)(tan)(tan)判(pan)目標來確(que)(que)(que)定。如(ru)果(guo)面對的(de)(de)是市(shi)場上(shang)*的(de)(de)原(yuan)材料供(gong)應商,可(ke)能(neng)(neng)需要(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)取合(he)(he)作(zuo)策(ce)略來確(que)(que)(que)保穩(wen)定的(de)(de)供(gong)應。 - 談(tan)(tan)(tan)判(pan)技巧(qiao)也(ye)是重(zhong)點。包(bao)括如(ru)何進行有效的(de)(de)溝通、如(ru)何處(chu)理談(tan)(tan)(tan)判(pan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)僵局等。良好的(de)(de)談(tan)(tan)(tan)判(pan)技巧(qiao)有助于(yu)在采(cai)(cai)購(gou)時(shi)(shi)爭(zheng)取更有利的(de)(de)價格(ge)(ge)和條(tiao)款,從而(er)影(ying)響采(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算(suan)。例(li)如(ru),通過(guo)巧(qiao)妙的(de)(de)談(tan)(tan)(tan)判(pan)技巧(qiao),可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會使供(gong)應商降低產品價格(ge)(ge)或(huo)者延(yan)(yan)長付款周(zhou)期,這(zhe)都對采(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算(suan)有積極的(de)(de)影(ying)響。 2. 合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理知識 - 合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理在采(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算(suan)培訓中(zhong)(zhong)不可(ke)或(huo)缺。學員要(yao)(yao)學習合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條(tiao)款的(de)(de)制(zhi)定和審核。合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條(tiao)款中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)價格(ge)(ge)條(tiao)款、交貨期條(tiao)款、質量條(tiao)款等都與(yu)(yu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算(suan)密切(qie)相關。例(li)如(ru),如(ru)果(guo)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)交貨期延(yan)(yan)遲,可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會導(dao)致企(qi)業(ye)(ye)增加庫存成本(ben)或(huo)者生(sheng)產延(yan)(yan)誤成本(ben)。 - 合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)執行和監督也(ye)是學習內容(rong)。要(yao)(yao)確(que)(que)(que)保供(gong)應商按(an)(an)照(zhao)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)約(yue)定履行義務,同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)也(ye)要(yao)(yao)按(an)(an)照(zhao)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)支付款項等。在采(cai)(cai)購(gou)預(yu)算(suan)中(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據(ju)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)執行情況及(ji)時(shi)(shi)調整預(yu)算(suan)安排。
四、風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)相關內容 1. 風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)估(gu)方法 - 采購(gou)工作中(zhong)存在各種風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),在培(pei)訓課程中(zhong)會教授(shou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)估(gu)的方法。例如(ru),可以(yi)通過風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)矩陣等(deng)(deng)工具來(lai)評(ping)估(gu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)的可能性和影(ying)響程度。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)采購(gou)預算來(lai)說,風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)估(gu)有助于(yu)(yu)(yu)確定在預算中(zhong)需(xu)要預留(liu)多(duo)少資(zi)(zi)金(jin)用于(yu)(yu)(yu)應對風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。如(ru)果(guo)某個(ge)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)發生(sheng)的可能性較高且(qie)影(ying)響較大(da),就需(xu)要在預算中(zhong)安排更多(duo)的應急資(zi)(zi)金(jin)。 2. 風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)規(gui)避和處理(li)技(ji)巧 - 風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)規(gui)避和處理(li)是風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)的重要環節(jie)。例如(ru),對于(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)品質量風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),可以(yi)通過加(jia)強供(gong)應商的質量審核、增加(jia)檢驗(yan)環節(jie)等(deng)(deng)方式來(lai)規(gui)避。在采購(gou)預算中(zhong),這些(xie)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)規(gui)避和處理(li)措施(shi)都需(xu)要考慮成本因素。如(ru)果(guo)增加(jia)檢驗(yan)環節(jie),就需(xu)要在預算中(zhong)安排檢驗(yan)設備的采購(gou)費(fei)(fei)用、檢驗(yan)人員的工資(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)費(fei)(fei)用。
五、數據(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)與(yu)技術應用(yong)(yong)內容(rong) 1. 數據(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)工具(ju) - 在(zai)當(dang)今信(xin)息化時(shi)(shi)代(dai),數據(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)預(yu)算(suan)中起著重(zhong)要作用(yong)(yong)。培訓課程會教授數據(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa),如(ru)成本分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)、趨(qu)勢分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)等(deng)。例如(ru),通(tong)過(guo)成本分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)可(ke)以找出(chu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)成本的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)成和(he)變(bian)化趨(qu)勢,從(cong)而為制定采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)預(yu)算(suan)提供依(yi)據(ju)(ju)。 - 同時(shi)(shi),學(xue)員還(huan)會學(xue)習數據(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)工具(ju),如(ru)Excel等(deng)軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)級功能。這些工具(ju)可(ke)以幫(bang)助采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)員更高(gao)效地處(chu)理和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)數據(ju)(ju),提高(gao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)預(yu)算(suan)的(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性。 2. 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong) - 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)也是培訓的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要內容(rong)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)軟(ruan)件(jian)可(ke)以實現采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)流程的(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)化管(guan)理,包(bao)括采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)申請、訂單生成、發(fa)票管(guan)理等(deng)功能。在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)預(yu)算(suan)方(fang)面,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)軟(ruan)件(jian)可(ke)以幫(bang)助實時(shi)(shi)監控采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)支出(chu)情況,便于及時(shi)(shi)調整(zheng)預(yu)算(suan)。例如(ru),當(dang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)支出(chu)接近預(yu)算(suan)上限時(shi)(shi),軟(ruan)件(jian)可(ke)以發(fa)出(chu)預(yu)警,提醒采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)人(ren)員控制采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)行為。
六(liu)、結合實(shi)際(ji)(ji)案(an)例(li)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi) 1. 案(an)例(li)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)意義(yi) - 在(zai)采購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)預算培(pei)訓(xun)課(ke)程中(zhong),會通過實(shi)際(ji)(ji)案(an)例(li)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)來加(jia)深學(xue)(xue)員(yuan)對知識的(de)(de)(de)理(li)解和(he)(he)應用能(neng)力。實(shi)際(ji)(ji)案(an)例(li)涵蓋了(le)各種類型的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)采購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)情(qing)況(kuang),通過分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)成(cheng)功和(he)(he)失(shi)敗的(de)(de)(de)案(an)例(li),學(xue)(xue)員(yuan)可以學(xue)(xue)習(xi)到在(zai)不(bu)同情(qing)況(kuang)下如(ru)(ru)何制(zhi)定合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)采購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)預算。 - 例(li)如(ru)(ru),通過分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)一家企(qi)業(ye)(ye)因為采購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)預算不(bu)合理(li)導致成(cheng)本超(chao)支的(de)(de)(de)案(an)例(li),學(xue)(xue)員(yuan)可以總結出在(zai)制(zhi)定預算時(shi)要充分(fen)(fen)考慮市場波動、供應商(shang)變化等(deng)因素。 2. 案(an)例(li)討論與經驗分(fen)(fen)享 - 培(pei)訓(xun)過程中(zhong)還(huan)會組織案(an)例(li)討論,讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)員(yuan)分(fen)(fen)享自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點和(he)(he)經驗。這(zhe)種互(hu)動式的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)方式有助(zhu)于學(xue)(xue)員(yuan)從不(bu)同角(jiao)度思(si)考問題(ti),提(ti)高解決實(shi)際(ji)(ji)采購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)預算問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力。同時(shi),也可以促進學(xue)(xue)員(yuan)之間的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)與合作(zuo),共同提(ti)高采購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)預算管理(li)水平(ping)。
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