一 企業人(ren)力資(zi)源管(guan)理從成(cheng)本中心到利潤中心的必然趨勢(shi)
在(zai)傳統(tong)的(de)人(ren)(ren)事管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制度下,人(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)者實現自身價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)*方法就是降低(di)公司的(de)人(ren)(ren)力成(cheng)(cheng)本。但(dan)這種成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)降低(di)往往是以(yi)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)積極性和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)績效的(de)降低(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)價(jia)的(de),更為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重要的(de)是傳統(tong)的(de)人(ren)(ren)事管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)并沒(mei)有(you)認識到人(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)比一般資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)更高的(de)投資收益率。在(zai)傳統(tong)人(ren)(ren)事管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制度下,員工(gong)(gong)(gong)通常(chang)沒(mei)有(you)將工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)潛力發揮出來,導(dao)致人(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)沒(mei)有(you)被(bei)充分利用。而HR要真正(zheng)的(de)能夠(gou)創造價(jia)值(zhi),必須從為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)股東(dong)降低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本轉變到為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)股東(dong)、員工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)顧客創造價(jia)值(zhi)。HR部(bu)門(men)要成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)利潤中(zhong)心,人(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)者在(zai)企(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)必須扮(ban)演伙伴的(de)角色(se)。人(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)者的(de)主要精力集中(zhong)在(zai)把人(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)和(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與企(qi)業(ye)整體(ti)(ti)經營戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)結合起(qi)來。應該能夠(gou)有(you)效識別那些促(cu)成(cheng)(cheng)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)的(de)人(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),通過(guo)設(she)計與組織(zhi)整體(ti)(ti)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)融為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一體(ti)(ti)的(de)人(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)模(mo)式提高組織(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)實施(shi)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)的(de)能力。
從資(zi)源(yuan)、行為和管理三方面(mian)可以(yi)深刻剖析(xi)和認識到(dao)人力資(zi)源(yuan)部(bu)對企業所做出的貢獻。
首先從(cong)資(zi)源(yuan)的角度分析(xi),企業(ye)人(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)通過招聘社會各種人(ren)才(cai)(cai)資(zi)本,找對人(ren)才(cai)(cai),滿足企業(ye)用人(ren)和經營管(guan)(guan)理(li)的需要,通過為(wei)企業(ye)提供(gong)合格的人(ren)才(cai)(cai)達成企業(ye)經營目標(biao),從(cong)而突出人(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)者價值。
舉(ju)例:某集(ji)團公(gong)(gong)司(si)小家電(dian)制造分公(gong)(gong)司(si)一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)處于虧損狀態,主(zhu)要原因是因為分公(gong)(gong)司(si)總(zong)(zong)(zong)經(jing)理(li)經(jing)常換來換去,高層不穩(wen),管(guan)(guan)理(li)不力(li)導(dao)致企(qi)業(ye)經(jing)營業(ye)績(ji)(ji)差(cha).集(ji)團人力(li)資(zi)源部根(gen)據董事會(hui)的(de)要求,為企(qi)業(ye)招驀到了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)位(wei)合(he)格的(de)分公(gong)(gong)司(si)總(zong)(zong)(zong)經(jing)理(li),而(er)這個總(zong)(zong)(zong)經(jing)理(li)走馬上任以后,帶(dai)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)先(xian)進的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)思想,帶(dai)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)先(xian)進的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)理(li)念(nian),帶(dai)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)良好的(de)工作作風(feng)和管(guan)(guan)理(li)執行力(li)…那(nei)么毫(hao)無疑問,分公(gong)(gong)司(si)管(guan)(guan)理(li)狀況在他的(de)帶(dai)導(dao)下得到有效改變與提(ti)升,經(jing)營業(ye)績(ji)(ji)得到改善,短(duan)短(duan)一(yi)年便扭虧增盈(ying),業(ye)績(ji)(ji)直(zhi)(zhi)線上升。公(gong)(gong)司(si)通過該總(zong)(zong)(zong)經(jing)理(li)的(de)到來為集(ji)團創(chuang)造了(le)(le)(le)(le)財富(fu),這就是人力(li)資(zi)源部創(chuang)造的(de)價值.
從行為的角度來看,人力(li)資源管理(li)(li)者通過對(dui)企業員(yuan)工(gong)不斷進行(xing)(xing)有針對(dui)性、高效的培訓(xun)教育和管理(li)(li)制度的有效實(shi)施執行(xing)(xing)來改變員(yuan)工(gong)工(gong)作(zuo)心態、提升員(yuan)工(gong)作(zuo)能力(li)、強化(hua)員(yuan)工(gong)正(zheng)確的工(gong)作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)為(wei),幫助員(yuan)工(gong)在(zai)規定(ding)期限內達(da)成績效,間接助力(li)企業戰略實(shi)現(xian)(xian),為(wei)公司創造利(li)潤,實(shi)現(xian)(xian)經營目(mu)標。
再從管理的角度來看,人力(li)資(zi)(zi)源管(guan)(guan)理者(zhe)通過(guo)各項人力(li)資(zi)(zi)源管(guan)(guan)理活動的輸出(chu)(如(ru)員工(gong)(gong)關(guan)系管(guan)(guan)理、職業生涯(ya)規劃、企(qi)業文(wen)化建設(she)、員工(gong)(gong)滿意(yi)度(du)管(guan)(guan)理)來(lai)提(ti)高(gao)員工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)積極性,進而提(ti)升工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率和效(xiao)益,達成企(qi)業經營目標。這些工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)都表明人力(li)資(zi)(zi)源部是可以為企(qi)業作(zuo)出(chu)的貢獻的。
二 企業人力(li)資源部(bu)創(chuang)造利潤的兩大(da)類(lei)型
人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)既(ji)然是(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),就有其成(cheng)本和價值,當(dang)人(ren)(ren)力這(zhe)種特殊資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)作出的(de)貢獻大(da)于獲(huo)取(qu)的(de)成(cheng)本,其差值即(ji)是(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)利潤(run)的(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部(bu)分。因(yin)此不難理(li)解,人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)工作本身(shen)的(de)價值所在(zai)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)成(cheng)立以利潤(run)為中心(xin)的(de)人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)門(men),人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)者充當(dang)了資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)買賣角色,從人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)場獲(huo)取(qu)合格資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)后轉讓給(gei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye),并且在(zai)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)進(jin)入企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)后對其進(jin)行一(yi)系列的(de)培訓教育、績(ji)效考評、關(guan)系管理(li)、生(sheng)涯(ya)引導、薪酬福利激勵等各種方式(shi),這(zhe)些工作的(de)輸出實(shi)則為人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)“售后服務(wu)”。通過(guo)提供服務(wu)可以看到人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)實(shi)則為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)創造了兩(liang)大(da)利潤(run),即(ji)直(zhi)接(jie)利潤(run)和間(jian)接(jie)利潤(run)。
- 直接利潤
人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)所(suo)創(chuang)(chuang)造的直接(jie)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run),其實也是一種虛擬(ni)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)。他基(ji)(ji)于(yu)市場化(hua)的行(xing)為,建(jian)立人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會計核(he)(he)算(suan)辦(ban)法,以市場化(hua)的價格為虛擬(ni)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)計算(suan)依據(ju)。直接(jie)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)所(suo)得是通(tong)過將(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)演變成為人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si),通(tong)過對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的招聘(pin)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培訓、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)管(guan)理(li)等系列人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務工作輸出產(chan)生市場銷(xiao)售額,減(jian)去人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)日(ri)常(chang)的各種管(guan)理(li)費用、員工薪資(zi)等成本(ben)即為利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)。它的利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)所(suo)得基(ji)(ji)本(ben)上(shang)等同(tong)(tong)于(yu)如今(jin)市場上(shang)所(suo)存在的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)獵頭公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)、培訓公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)、咨(zi)詢公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)托管(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)等企(qi)業所(suo)創(chuang)(chuang)造的利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)。只不過人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)所(suo)創(chuang)(chuang)造的利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run),企(qi)業無需直接(jie)支付,只建(jian)立月人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)虛擬(ni)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)(run)表(biao)和成本(ben)支出明細帳目,在月度或年度結束時進行(xing)核(he)(he)算(suan);人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)每月為企(qi)業提供(gong)的直接(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)服務所(suo)產(chan)生的虛擬(ni)服務銷(xiao)售額,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)可以同(tong)(tong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)最高領導或財務部(bu)簽署(shu)合同(tong)(tong)協議,以作為計算(suan)和考(kao)核(he)(he)評價依據(ju)。
一般企業內部人力資源部門可以直接產生利潤的HR管理服務有:
① 中、高級(ji)人(ren)才招聘(pin)成功,所(suo)產生的人(ren)才獵(lie)頭利潤(run);
② 基層操作人員招聘成功(gong),所產生的勞務(wu)利潤;
③ 人才培訓合格所產生的培訓利潤;
④ 人才托管成功所產生的托管利潤;
⑤ 企業內部HR管理項目實施成功(gong)所(suo)產(chan)生的項目咨詢利潤;
- 企業總薪酬控制成功(未超標)所產生的直接薪資利潤;
● 間接利潤
人力資源部通過人力資源管理活動的輸出把企業內的人工成本轉化為我們看不到的人力資本,也是為企業創造間接利潤的一種方式。人力資源部所創造的間接利潤都是通過高效組織、控制、流程、考核、制度執行、溝通等管理手段獲得。企業HR管理者根據企業經營目標在企業人力資源戰略目標指導下,運用科學的管理方法和手段,一方面完善企業人力資源管理體系和流程,實施精細化管理,減少招聘、培訓、流動等環節的成本,從而增加管理利潤,另外一方面,通過分析決策幫助企業管理者全面掌握人力資源狀況、人工成本構成以及人員變化趨勢等關鍵信息,及時調整企業戰略方向,優化人力資源配置,減少人員工作、工時浪費,*限度發揮人力資源的優勢,從而實現管理利潤的增值。因此,企業人力資源部所創造的間接利潤是無法用數據估量的,只能同公司的年度經營指標掛鉤,如:企業年度銷售額、企業年度利潤、企業年度總成本開支控制等等。
三 從“成(cheng)本中(zhong)心”變為“利潤中(zhong)心”,HR管理者必須作(zuo)出轉(zhuan)變
HR要從(cong)“成(cheng)本(ben)中(zhong)心(xin)”變為“利潤(run)中(zhong)心(xin)”。從(cong)積極的方(fang)面講,即提(ti)升了企業(ye)人力(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)水平,同時也對企業(ye)的HR提(ti)出了更高的要求(qiu)。HR不能再像過去那樣按(an)部就(jiu)班的工作了,制(zhi)度(du)(du)訂好了,就(jiu)躺在制(zhi)度(du)(du)身上睡大覺,不聞(wen)不問;相反(fan),要開足(zu)馬力(li),調動積極性(xing)和創造性(xing),通(tong)過學(xue)習(xi),不斷(duan)提(ti)高HR管(guan)(guan)理(li)創新能力(li)。同時,還要具備前瞻性(xing)的視野,能夠從(cong)企業(ye)經營戰略的高度(du)(du)制(zhi)定企業(ye)戰略性(xing)人力(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)方(fang)案(an),既要有遠(yuan)見,還要有卓識。適(shi)應、學(xue)習(xi)、轉變,是成(cheng)本(ben)中(zhong)心(xin)到利潤(run)中(zhong)心(xin)這個(ge)(ge)過程(cheng)中(zhong)人力(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)者必須掌握的3個(ge)(ge)關鍵(jian)詞(ci)。企業(ye)在人力(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)方(fang)面,要把變革跟創新結合起來,合理(li)降低人力(li)成(cheng)本(ben),通(tong)過以利潤(run)為中(zhong)心(xin)的績(ji)效管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系做好成(cheng)本(ben)管(guan)(guan)控,促使HR管(guan)(guan)理(li)升級!
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