維權不當,被無條件解雇!
(本文由勞動法鐘永棣老師原創)
【案情】
李某在2009年(nian)8月入職某公(gong)司,雙方于(yu)2012年(nian)4月簽訂(ding)無固定期限勞動合同,工作(zuo)崗位為牽引車司機。
該(gai)公司的《員工(gong)手冊(ce)(ce)》規定:“員工(gong)必須(xu)切(qie)實執(zhi)行直屬上司合理指(zhi)派的任務(wu),若有疑問應立即表(biao)明。如對指(zhi)派任務(wu)有不同(tong)意見(jian)的,應先執(zhi)行后申訴……。”李某在簽訂(ding)勞動合同(tong)時已收到該(gai)份《員工(gong)手冊(ce)(ce)》,并(bing)簽名(ming)表(biao)示(shi)“已詳細閱讀及清楚明白……本手冊(ce)(ce)的全部(bu)內容(rong),并(bing)愿意嚴格遵守”。
2013年12月某(mou)日(ri)公(gong)司(si)(si)安排李(li)某(mou)執(zhi)行運(yun)(yun)輸任務,李(li)某(mou)即(ji)時要求公(gong)司(si)(si)增加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi),否則(ze)不(bu)(bu)執(zhi)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作任務;公(gong)司(si)(si)表(biao)示增加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)事(shi)宜(yi)可(ke)稍后協商,現在應先完(wan)(wan)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作任務,否則(ze)影響(xiang)到(dao)公(gong)司(si)(si)的經營運(yun)(yun)作。當(dang)日(ri)公(gong)司(si)(si)多(duo)次催告李(li)某(mou),但李(li)某(mou)仍然(ran)堅持(chi)如果公(gong)司(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)立即(ji)承諾增加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)就不(bu)(bu)執(zhi)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作任務,致使公(gong)司(si)(si)其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種配套工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作無法開(kai)展,最終公(gong)司(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)外(wai)聘(pin)其他公(gong)司(si)(si)協助完(wan)(wan)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作任務。當(dang)日(ri)下(xia)班(ban)前,公(gong)司(si)(si)以李(li)某(mou)拒不(bu)(bu)服從安排,消極(ji)怠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為由解除了雙方(fang)勞動合(he)同。
隨后李某申請勞動仲裁。勞動仲裁委認定公司違法解除,裁決公司支付李某違法解除勞動合同的賠償金。公(gong)司不服,向(xiang)原審法院(yuan)提起訴訟(song)。
訴訟期間,李某辯稱,本人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)付出應(ying)當(dang)得(de)到相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)報,本人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工資(zi)在(zai)行業相對偏低。如果不(bu)采(cai)(cai)取這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式,公司就沒有加工資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力,這(zhe)是因為雙方的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位不(bu)平等,導致本人(ren)被迫采(cai)(cai)取這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa),所以讓公司給(gei)本人(ren)漲一點工資(zi)是合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
一審法院和二審法院均認定李某“嚴重失職”,公司解除勞動合同合理合法且無需支付經濟補償或賠償金。
上述(shu)案例由勞律通顧問鐘永棣(di)根據真(zhen)實判決(jue)書整理。
【分析】
勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)法鐘(zhong)永棣(di)老(lao)師,《勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)法》第二十九(jiu)條規定:“用(yong)人單位與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者應當按照勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)的(de)約(yue)定,全面履行(xing)各(ge)自(zi)的(de)義(yi)務(wu)。”顯然,在勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關系(xi)存(cun)續期間,勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者履行(xing)用(yong)人單位安排的(de)職(zhi)責范圍(wei)內(nei)的(de)工作(zuo)任務(wu)是其一項基本義(yi)務(wu),本案中李(li)某(mou)違反了此(ci)義(yi)務(wu)。
在勞(lao)動關系存續期間,用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)負有依法(fa)(fa)依約支付工(gong)資報酬的(de)義務,而要求用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)合(he)理加(jia)薪、支付加(jia)班費等是勞(lao)動者的(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)權利,但勞(lao)動者應(ying)通(tong)過(guo)合(he)法(fa)(fa)途徑提出,而不(bu)應(ying)該以拒絕執行工(gong)作(zuo)任(ren)務的(de)方式向用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)施加(jia)壓(ya)力(li),否則(ze)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)的(de)經(jing)營秩(zhi)序將無(wu)法(fa)(fa)保障(zhang)。如雙方發生勞(lao)資糾紛的(de),亦應(ying)通(tong)過(guo)協(xie)商、調解、仲(zhong)裁、訴訟等合(he)法(fa)(fa)方式解決。本案中,李(li)某(mou)以工(gong)作(zuo)責任(ren)作(zuo)為協(xie)商條件,多次拒絕執行正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)任(ren)務,嚴重影(ying)響(xiang)了公(gong)司的(de)經(jing)營管理,主(zhu)觀上具有故意性質,公(gong)司解除勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)并(bing)無(wu)不(bu)當。
不過,法院對李(li)某(mou)的行(xing)(xing)為定(ding)性為嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)失(shi)職,不夠嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)謹!嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)失(shi)職在(zai)主(zhu)觀上應該(gai)(gai)是非故(gu)(gu)意(yi)的心(xin)態,而(er)本(ben)案中,李(li)某(mou)拒絕(jue)執行(xing)(xing)工作任務應該(gai)(gai)是主(zhu)觀故(gu)(gu)意(yi)心(xin)態。故(gu)(gu)意(yi)違(wei)(wei)紀(ji)違(wei)(wei)規,性質非常惡劣,理應定(ding)性為嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)違(wei)(wei)反公司規章(zhang)制度(du)!
【建議】
在制度方(fang)(fang)面,把《員工(gong)手冊》條(tiao)款中的“直(zhi)屬上司(si)”改(gai)為(wei)(wei)“直(zhi)屬上司(si)或(huo)公(gong)司(si)領導”,操(cao)作時將更(geng)加靈活;另外增(zeng)加條(tiao)款“拒不服(fu)從管理(li)(li)或(huo)拒不執行(xing)工(gong)作任(ren)(ren)務的,視(shi)為(wei)(wei)嚴重違(wei)反公(gong)司(si)規(gui)章制度”。在操(cao)作方(fang)(fang)面,用人單位(wei)需(xu)保留(liu)證(zheng)據證(zheng)明其實(shi)施(shi)的管理(li)(li)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)或(huo)安排的工(gong)作任(ren)(ren)務是(shi)合理(li)(li)正當(dang)的,且告知(zhi)及催告過勞(lao)動者;證(zheng)據形式通常是(shi)書證(zheng)、證(zheng)人證(zheng)言、電文數(shu)據、視(shi)聽資料。
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