十九世(shi)紀(ji)英國法(fa)哲學家梅因(yin)說過,所(suo)有進步(bu)社會的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動,到目前為止是(shi)(shi)一個從身(shen)(shen)份(fen)到契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動,簡單理(li)(li)解就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)過去人(ren)(ren)與人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)階級(ji)(ji)層級(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。比如奴隸主與奴隸,士大夫與老(lao)百(bai)姓的(de)(de)(de),都是(shi)(shi)以身(shen)(shen)份(fen)來(lai)決定社會關(guan)(guan)位和彼此間關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi),而(er)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)社會更多的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)平等的(de)(de)(de)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi),現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)本質(zhi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)由身(shen)(shen)份(fen)到契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷進化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)歷程,而(er)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)市場經濟,本質(zhi)上是(shi)(shi)一種契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)經濟,所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)經濟往來(lai)活(huo)動,都離不(bu)開(kai)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)建立,比如銷(xiao)售合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、采購(gou)協(xie)議,包括日常生活(huo)當中,這(zhe)(zhe)種契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)也無處不(bu)在,比如結婚(hun)領證、購(gou)房(fang)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、貸(dai)款協(xie)議,形成契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)并信守承(cheng)諾,也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)精神,是(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)文明的(de)(de)(de)倫理(li)(li)基礎。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)企(qi)業(ye)中,員工(gong)與企(qi)業(ye)一定是(shi)(shi)會首先建立契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi),所(suo)以就(jiu)會有了(le)勞動合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong),但員工(gong)與企(qi)業(ye)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)不(bu)僅限于(yu)勞動合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)這(zhe)(zhe)一種契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi),經常聽到利益共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體、事業(ye)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體、命運(yun)(yun)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體的(de)(de)(de)說法(fa),其實(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)對應了(le)員工(gong)與企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)三種不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)形式,員工(gong)與企(qi)業(ye)到底(di)是(shi)(shi)哪個共同(tong)(tong)(tong)體,是(shi)(shi)基于(yu)雙方之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi),分(fen)別(bie)有以下(xia)三種形式:
一、雇傭(yong)關(guan)系契(qi)約。比如(ru)勞動合同,約定工作(zuo)時間是(shi)每(mei)月(yue)五天(tian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)小時,工資是(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)千(qian)元(yuan),這代表是(shi)公司以八(ba)(ba)(ba)千(qian)元(yuan)的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格購買(mai)了每(mei)月(yue)五天(tian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)小時的(de)(de)工作(zuo)時間,這是(shi)一種簡單的(de)(de)雇傭(yong)關(guan)系,雙(shuang)方更看重(zhong)的(de)(de)是(shi)短期價(jia)(jia)值交換,最典(dian)型(xing)比如(ru):短期工、建(jian)筑工人。
二、目(mu)標(biao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)契(qi)約。勞動合同只約定了工作時(shi)(shi)間,但對(dui)工作職責(ze)及(ji)工作成果并沒有清晰而(er)準確的(de)界(jie)定,當需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)此進行約定時(shi)(shi),就需(xu)要(yao)簽訂(ding)績效目(mu)標(biao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)書,形成目(mu)標(biao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)契(qi)約,這是(shi)對(dui)雙方(fang)契(qi)約關(guan)系的(de)完善,也是(shi)一(yi)種升級,此時(shi)(shi)雙方(fang)更關(guan)注的(de)是(shi)互相成就,企(qi)業業績增(zeng)長與(yu)員(yuan)工收入(ru)增(zeng)長,及(ji)員(yuan)工個人(ren)發展互相促進相輔相成。
三、資(zi)(zi)本(ben)合(he)伙(huo)契約。也(ye)就是現在(zai)流行的合(he)伙(huo)人制,通過簽訂合(he)伙(huo)人協議書,員工(gong)投入個人資(zi)(zi)本(ben),包括資(zi)(zi)金、資(zi)(zi)源、技術等,占有公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)一定股權,從而形成與公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)利益共享風險共擔的關系,此時雙(shuang)方(fang)會更關注公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)長期的戰(zhan)略實現,及可持續發展。
不管(guan)是哪(na)種契(qi)約(yue)方式,雙方要(yao)秉(bing)持的(de)契(qi)約(yue)精神(shen),既(ji)是現代文明的(de)倫理(li)基(ji)礎,也是人(ren)力資源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)的(de)理(li)論基(ji)石,只有(you)真正理(li)解了(le)現代社(she)會員(yuan)工與企(qi)業關(guan)系,才會形(xing)成正確的(de)企(qi)業人(ren)才理(li)念,從而指(zhi)導HR各模塊工作開展。
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