員(yuan)工職業生涯的規劃(hua)
通過(guo)多年的研究發(fa)現(xian),企業(ye)(ye)開展(zhan)員工職業(ye)(ye)生涯規劃,對員工和企業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)起著(zhu)至關重要的作用。主要的目的和意義有(you)以(yi)下幾個(ge):
員(yuan)工職業生涯的規劃(hua)1、激發員(yuan)工的工作動力(li)
滿足成長需求,實(shi)現共贏發展(zhan)
根據馬斯洛需求五理(li)論,員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工職業(ye)生(sheng)涯(ya)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于尊重和自我實現需求,可以滿(man)(man)足員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的成就感(gan),使員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工在(zai)心理(li)上得到滿(man)(man)足。職業(ye)生(sheng)涯(ya)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)激(ji)勵機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)中的運用(yong),能夠使企(qi)(qi)業(ye)激(ji)勵機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的方(fang)(fang)式(shi)多樣化,不(bu)(bu)再局限于以前的以物質激(ji)勵為主的單一的激(ji)勵方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)管理(li)者可依(yi)據員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的不(bu)(bu)同要(yao)求,給(gei)不(bu)(bu)同的員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定職業(ye)生(sheng)涯(ya)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua),滿(man)(man)足不(bu)(bu)同員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的需求;同時,職業(ye)生(sheng)涯(ya)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)激(ji)勵機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的激(ji)勵機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)長期有效,因為職業(ye)生(sheng)涯(ya)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)貫穿于員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工一生(sheng)的,這是(shi)其他(ta)的激(ji)勵方(fang)(fang)式(shi)所不(bu)(bu)具備的特點。這種激(ji)勵方(fang)(fang)式(shi)可以將員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的工作(zuo)目標與企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的發展目標聯系在(zai)一起,使員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工和企(qi)(qi)業(ye)達到雙贏的結果。
比如(ru),國內*的(de)(de)(de)餐(can)飲(yin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“海(hai)底撈(lao)(lao)(lao)”,為每個員工(gong)搭建了(le)成功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)平臺(tai)。員工(gong)在“海(hai)底撈(lao)(lao)(lao)”的(de)(de)(de)整個職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)中,在縱向發(fa)展(zhan)上(shang),員工(gong)有(you)(you)兩條通(tong)(tong)(tong)道進行選擇,一(yi)條是“管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道”,一(yi)條“業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務通(tong)(tong)(tong)道”,在橫向發(fa)展(zhan)上(shang),可以在自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作組內進行自由的(de)(de)(de)輪換。“海(hai)底撈(lao)(lao)(lao)”成功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)涯規(gui)劃體系,讓一(yi)些沒(mei)有(you)(you)學歷(li),但有(you)(you)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)才能的(de)(de)(de)員工(gong),通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)晉(jin)(jin)升到管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)職(zhi)位(wei)(wei)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)了(le)命(ming)運;有(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren),也(ye)(ye)可以通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)后勤晉(jin)(jin)升通(tong)(tong)(tong)道,成為財務、物流和維修(xiu)等業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務人(ren)(ren)員而改(gai)變(bian)(bian)命(ming)運。那些既沒(mei)有(you)(you)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)才能,也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)有(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務能力(li),但任(ren)(ren)勞任(ren)(ren)怨、踏實肯干的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)在海(hai)底撈(lao)(lao)(lao)能不能改(gai)變(bian)(bian)命(ming)運?也(ye)(ye)能。在海(hai)底撈(lao)(lao)(lao),普通(tong)(tong)(tong)員工(gong)如(ru)果做到功(gong)(gong)勛員工(gong),工(gong)資只比店長差一(yi)點。“海(hai)底撈(lao)(lao)(lao)”讓員工(gong)感覺到了(le)公平和尊(zun)重,最重要的(de)(de)(de)是看到了(le)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)發(fa)展(zhan)、上(shang)升的(de)(de)(de)希望(wang),于是,她們(men)信(xin)任(ren)(ren)公司,她們(men)努(nu)力(li)工(gong)作,真(zhen)真(zhen)正正地踐(jian)行著“雙手(shou)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)命(ming)運”的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)念(nian),在每一(yi)個平凡(fan)的(de)(de)(de)崗位(wei)(wei)上(shang)做出了(le)不凡(fan)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)
員工職業生涯的規劃2、培(pei)養人才梯隊:完善人才結構
企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)可以通(tong)過完善(shan)的職業(ye)(ye)生涯規(gui)劃體系,引(yin)導員工(gong)不斷的進行能力提(ti)升(sheng),構建(jian)了(le)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的“蓄(xu)水池”,搭建(jian)了(le)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)多元化的人(ren)(ren)才(cai)梯隊,為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的持續(xu)化發(fa)展提(ti)供人(ren)(ren)才(cai)保證。
如國內*的(de)(de)(de)“家電(dian)營(ying)銷巨頭(tou)”蘇寧(ning)電(dian)器(qi),結合公(gong)司發(fa)(fa)展戰略和員工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)長訴求,不斷探索員工(gong)(gong)(gong)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展模式,搭建職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展通道(dao),明確員工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展路徑,并(bing)進行有計劃的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)訓(xun)培(pei)養。“1200工(gong)(gong)(gong)程”、“百名店長工(gong)(gong)(gong)程、”、“中層管理(li)梯隊(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程”、“千名維修(xiu)技(ji)術藍領工(gong)(gong)(gong)程”等(deng)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)持續推進,為(wei)公(gong)司培(pei)養了一(yi)大(da)批精干、專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)和技(ji)術人(ren)(ren)才(cai),也為(wei)公(gong)司智能轉型奠定了基礎。蘇寧(ning)為(wei)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)定了清晰(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)、可(ke)(ke)實現的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)生涯規劃:從員工(gong)(gong)(gong)入職(zhi)集訓(xun)開始,到下終端、部門實習、B梯隊(dui)、A梯隊(dui)、E梯隊(dui)等(deng),員工(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)以清晰(xi)(xi)看到自己在企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)長軌(gui)跡(ji)。僅僅在2010年,管理(li)干部內部晉(jin)升達(da)6836人(ren)(ren)次。
員工職業生涯的規劃(hua)3、構建人(ren)才環境:吸引和保留人(ren)才
2008年智(zhi)聯招聘做的一項“職場(chang)人跳槽原因”的調查中(zhong),“對原公司的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的發(fa)展(zhan)空間不(bu)滿”占據跳槽理(li)由的首位,具(ju)體比例高(gao)達(da)37.2%。重(zhong)視員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的職業生涯規(gui)劃,為員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)提供提供寬松的發(fa)展(zhan)環境,可(ke)以大大塑造員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的企業歸(gui)屬感和(he)成(cheng)就感,滿足(zu)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)自我發(fa)展(zhan)的心(xin)(xin)理(li)訴求,與(yu)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建立穩固的“心(xin)(xin)理(li)契(qi)約”,有利于企業吸引和(he)保留(liu)核心(xin)(xin)人才。
如作為世界500強(qiang)的(de)(de)國(guo)內知名(ming)IT企(qi)業(ye)(ye)華為集團。在(zai)國(guo)內較(jiao)早的(de)(de)較(jiao)早建立(li)了(le)員(yuan)工職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)涯(ya)規劃體系(xi)(xi),華為在(zai)借(jie)鑒英(ying)國(guo)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang),設計了(le)*的(de)(de)“五級(ji)雙通(tong)道(dao)(dao)”模(mo)式(shi)。先(xian)梳理出管(guan)理和(he)專業(ye)(ye)兩(liang)個基本通(tong)道(dao)(dao),再按照(zhao)職(zhi)位劃分的(de)(de)原則,將專業(ye)(ye)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)進行細分,衍生(sheng)出技術、營銷、服務(wu)與支持、采(cai)購、生(sheng)產、財務(wu)、人力資源(yuan)等(deng)子通(tong)道(dao)(dao)。這些專業(ye)(ye)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)縱向再劃分出五個職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)力等(deng)級(ji)階梯(ti)。在(zai)這個通(tong)道(dao)(dao)模(mo)型中,每個員(yuan)工至少擁有(you)兩(liang)條(tiao)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展通(tong)道(dao)(dao),使企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中不(bu)(bu)同類型的(de)(de)員(yuan)工,都可以(yi)(yi)擁有(you)自己的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)“段位”,以(yi)(yi)及不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提升“段位”的(de)(de)機會。這樣,對于每一(yi)名(ming)員(yuan)工而言,根據自身特長和(he)意愿,既可以(yi)(yi)選擇(ze)管(guan)理通(tong)道(dao)(dao)發(fa)展,也可以(yi)(yi)選擇(ze)與自己業(ye)(ye)務(wu)相關的(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)發(fa)展,從(cong)而妥善(shan)解決了(le)一(yi)般企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中“自古(gu)華山一(yi)條(tiao)路,萬眾(zhong)一(yi)心(xin)奔(ben)仕途(tu)”的(de)(de)問題。華為完善(shan)的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)涯(ya)規劃體系(xi)(xi),大大了(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)核(he)心(xin)人才的(de)(de)保留率和(he)貢獻度,從(cong)而塑造了(le)華為世界500強(qiang)的(de)(de)地位。
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