普(pu)通人想(xiang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)事,就得(de)盡量做邊(bian)(bian)際(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)為零(ling)的生意,邊(bian)(bian)際(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)說的是企業(ye)每多生產一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)單位(wei)的產品所增(zeng)加的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。比如(ru)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)鞋廠生產一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)雙(shuang)鞋子,總(zong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)等于一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬生產一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)零(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)雙(shuang)鞋子,總(zong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)等于一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬零(ling)二十(shi)(shi),那(nei)(nei)就可(ke)以(yi)認為第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)零(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)雙(shuang)鞋子的邊(bian)(bian)際(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)就是二十(shi)(shi)。當邊(bian)(bian)際(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)小(xiao)于售價,只要增(zeng)加生產量,企業(ye)就可(ke)以(yi)獲取(qu)更多的利(li)潤。隨著規(gui)(gui)模擴大(da)總(zong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)遞減的增(zeng)加,邊(bian)(bian)際(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)下(xia)降,從而(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)(gui)模效(xiao)應。互聯網之(zhi)所以(yi)能對傳(chuan)統行業(ye)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)極大(da)沖擊,就是因為它能把規(gui)(gui)模效(xiao)應做到(dao)(dao)(dao)*,把邊(bian)(bian)際(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)降到(dao)(dao)(dao)幾乎為零(ling)。比如(ru)一(yi)(yi)(yi)款軟(ruan)件開(kai)發成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)是十(shi)(shi)萬,如(ru)果用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)了十(shi)(shi)萬,即使付(fu)費用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)只占百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),每人付(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)塊,那(nei)(nei)就可(ke)以(yi)回本(ben)(ben)了。如(ru)果用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)增(zeng)加到(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)萬,那(nei)(nei)凈收益就達到(dao)(dao)(dao)了九十(shi)(shi)萬,只要用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)模足夠大(da),邊(bian)(bian)際(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)就會趨(qu)于為零(ling)。
看到這(zhe)你(ni)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)難理解,為(wei)什么(me)比(bi)爾蓋茨能夠(gou)多(duo)次成(cheng)為(wei)首付了(le)前(qian)期開發出一套操作(zuo)系(xi)統之(zhi)后,每(mei)賣(mai)出一份產(chan)品,它只需拷貝一次就(jiu)可以(yi)了(le)。除了(le)前(qian)期的(de)投入(ru)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)面,無論賣(mai)多(duo)少產(chan)品,它的(de)投入(ru)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)幾乎為(wei)零。所(suo)以(yi)互聯網相關的(de)行業在這(zhe)方面具有天然的(de)優勢。比(bi)如像近幾年火熱的(de)短(duan)視頻知識付費在線教育平臺經濟等等,都是典型(xing)的(de)用戶(hu)越(yue)多(duo),邊(bian)際(ji)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)越(yue)低(di)(di)。當然,即(ji)使在同一行業,如果模式不(bu)(bu)同,邊(bian)際(ji)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)也會不(bu)(bu)同。很多(duo)人都說餐飲的(de)終點不(bu)(bu)是開分店(dian),而是放加(jia)(jia)盟就(jiu)是因為(wei)開分店(dian)固定成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)大(da)會降低(di)(di),但管理成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)大(da)大(da)增加(jia)(jia),而放加(jia)(jia)盟做(zuo)的(de)基本(ben)(ben)都是邊(bian)際(ji)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)遞減的(de)事。所(suo)以(yi)真正的(de)好(hao)生意不(bu)(bu)見得是利潤(run)有多(duo)么(me)高,而是無論客戶(hu)或銷售額增加(jia)(jia)多(duo)少,你(ni)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)卻基本(ben)(ben)不(bu)(bu)變。
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