今(jin)(jin)天我們來討論一(yi)(yi)下(xia)什么是(shi)(shi)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)物流(liu)與采(cai)購管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、工商(shang)(shang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、市場營銷、電子商(shang)(shang)務等多個學(xue)科基礎上發展起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)門新興學(xue)科，主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)學(xue)習和研究如(ru)何(he)認清組織環境，如(ru)何(he)明確需求(qiu)與規劃共(gong)贏，如(ru)何(he)進(jin)行市場分析，如(ru)何(he)制定戰略、如(ru)何(he)進(jin)行績(ji)效(xiao)考(kao)評(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。未來公司管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭，其(qi)實就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭，大家對供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)簡單理(li)(li)(li)解就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。其(qi)實供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)里面(mian)一(yi)(yi)個小點，況且每家公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)不只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)條應(ying)(ying)(ying)該有很多條的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)實際上就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)產品(pin)鏈(lian)(lian)、資金鏈(lian)(lian)信(xin)息鏈(lian)(lian)、控制流(liu)程鏈(lian)(lian)等等相(xiang)互作用綜合的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)式。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)讓(rang)客戶滿(man)意(yi)企(qi)(qi)業盈(ying)利(li)。那(nei)么讓(rang)客戶滿(man)意(yi)就(jiu)需要質(zhi)(zhi)量好(hao)，交(jiao)付(fu)快讓(rang)企(qi)(qi)業盈(ying)利(li)就(jiu)需要成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低，效(xiao)率高。所以供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四個指標是(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量好(hao)，交(jiao)付(fu)快、成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低，效(xiao)率高。在當今(jin)(jin)數字化的(de)(de)(de)(de)時代，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)需要在多平臺強(qiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用硬科技、低成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、高利(li)潤的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中發展。
實(shi)施供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)，主要(yao)是因為(wei)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)更(geng)具有活力(li)，更(geng)對供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)成(cheng)員帶(dai)來實(shi)質性的(de)(de)(de)好處。不(bu)(bu)過，要(yao)成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)，供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)之(zhi)間(jian)必須要(yao)有很(hen)(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)共享(xiang)，而(er)且要(yao)做到開誠布公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)分享(xiang)，對于(yu)追求不(bu)(bu)同(tong)目標的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)來講，實(shi)在不(bu)(bu)是一(yi)(yi)件(jian)很(hen)(hen)容(rong)易的(de)(de)(de)事情。尤其是當(dang)一(yi)(yi)家企業(ye)與(yu)眾多的(de)(de)(de)競爭對手均(jun)有合作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，要(yao)實(shi)現信息(xi)(xi)共享(xiang)更(geng)加困難。供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)就是在滿足一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)客戶服務水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下(xia)，為(wei)了使整個(ge)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)系(xi)統達到成(cheng)本最小，而(er)把供應(ying)(ying)商(shang)、制(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)、倉庫配(pei)送(song)中(zhong)心(xin)和渠道商(shang)等有效地組(zu)織在一(yi)(yi)起進行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)制(zhi)(zhi)造、產品(pin)運轉、分銷(xiao)及銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法。供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)包括計(ji)劃采購、制(zhi)(zhi)造、配(pei)送(song)、配(pei)貨五大基本內容(rong)，供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)與(yu)優化的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法很(hen)(hen)多。況且每個(ge)企業(ye)不(bu)(bu)僅相同(tong)，所以一(yi)(yi)味的(de)(de)(de)去借(jie)鑒別人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)，不(bu)(bu)如(ru)安下(xia)心(xin)來專注研究(jiu)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)。原因就是每個(ge)企業(ye)都(dou)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣，每個(ge)企業(ye)都(dou)有自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)特點。比如(ru)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)企業(ye)A方(fang)(fang)面強，B方(fang)(fang)面弱。
它采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)A方(fang)面弱，B方(fang)面強(qiang)。則(ze)(ze)正好優勢互(hu)(hu)(hu)補，如果(guo)不(bu)加以分析而貿然引進別人的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)，那(nei)么植入的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)病毒。所以供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)企(qi)業不(bu)可(ke)取(qu)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)競爭力，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)心(xin)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根本。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理非常(chang)復雜且動態(tai)(tai)多(duo)(duo)變(bian)，但(dan)眾多(duo)(duo)企(qi)業已(yi)經在供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理中獲得了豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗和(he)(he)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)成果(guo)。當前，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展正呈現一(yi)些明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時間與速度，二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質量與資(zi)(zi)本生(sheng)產率。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組織精簡，四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)客戶服務(wu)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)有八大基本原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)源和(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)源橫向集成，也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)強(qiang)強(qiang)聯合、優勢互(hu)(hu)(hu)補的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系統原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)相互(hu)(hu)(hu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)贏互(hu)(hu)(hu)惠原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理，形成新的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益共同體(ti)，通(tong)過協商機制謀(mou)求一(yi)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)贏互(hu)(hu)(hu)惠的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合作(zuo)(zuo)共享的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理，也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)要合作(zuo)(zuo)，二要共享。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)求驅動原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理。原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)以生(sheng)產為(wei)中心(xin)，向以顧(gu)客為(wei)中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變(bian)。六是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)快速響應(ying)(ying)(ying)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理。七(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同步運作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理。八是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)動態(tai)(tai)重(zhong)構(gou)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理，讓供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)保持是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)動態(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)以重(zhong)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理。關于更(geng)多(duo)(duo)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識，我們后期繼(ji)續討論(lun)。
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