現(xian)代(dai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭究其根本就是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)核心能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭,而(er)(er)核心員(yuan)(yuan)工是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)存和發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命線,對他(ta)(ta)們(men)進(jin)行有(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)激勵有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)重大的(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。他(ta)(ta)們(men)不僅是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)最重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)人力(li)資源,而(er)(er)且是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)能否取得(de)(de)競(jing)爭優勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。現(xian)代(dai)管理(li)者(zhe)(zhe)都知道,員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)奉獻精神(shen)是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動力(li),所以隨(sui)著(zhu)科學技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)間(jian)競(jing)爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)加劇,現(xian)代(dai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)者(zhe)(zhe)越(yue)來越(yue)重視人的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用,而(er)(er)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)工們(men)卻(que)似乎變得(de)(de)越(yue)來越(yue)不安分,他(ta)(ta)們(men)頻繁的(de)(de)(de)(de)跳(tiao)槽使得(de)(de)管理(li)者(zhe)(zhe)們(men)不禁(jin)產生(sheng)了(le)疑(yi)問:究竟現(xian)代(dai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)工還有(you)(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)(you)忠誠(cheng)可(ke)言?合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)失率(lv)有(you)(you)(you)利于保持企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活力(li),但(dan)是(shi)如果流(liu)失率(lv)過(guo)高,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)將不僅蒙受(shou)直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失,如替(ti)換成(cheng)(cheng)本、培訓成(cheng)(cheng)本等,而(er)(er)且直接影(ying)響企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性和其他(ta)(ta)人員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性。當前中小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)都面(mian)臨(lin)著(zhu)員(yuan)(yuan)工流(liu)失率(lv)過(guo)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題導(dao)致(zhi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)核心競(jing)爭力(li)下降,嚴重影(ying)響了(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存與發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),因(yin)而(er)(er)員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)失,特別是(shi)核心員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)失問題日(ri)益受(shou)到中小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)管理(li)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度重視。
如何來(lai)留住核心員工,預防核心員工的流失,就成了中小企業管理者迫切需要解決(jue)的問題(ti)。
要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)想(xiang)留住核(he)心(xin)(xin)員(yuan)工,清溢(yi)和(he)(he)衡高級顧問李見(jian)明(ming)認為:首先(xian)中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)必(bi)須了解核(he)心(xin)(xin)員(yuan)工的需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。馬斯洛把人的需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)分為五(wu)個(ge)層次:生理(li)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、安(an)全(quan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、社會需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、尊(zun)重需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、自(zi)我實(shi)現的需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),生理(li)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是屬于物質需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu),社會需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、尊(zun)重需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)自(zi)我實(shi)現的需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)屬于精神需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。所以,中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)必(bi)須從(cong)物質和(he)(he)精神兩種需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)上能滿(man)足核(he)心(xin)(xin)員(yuan)工,讓核(he)心(xin)(xin)員(yuan)工能與企(qi)(qi)業(ye)實(shi)現共贏,提升核(he)心(xin)(xin)員(yuan)工的契合度(du)。李見(jian)明(ming)認為:中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)應該從(cong)以下四(si)個(ge)方面來實(shi)現:
1、員工能發財
根據馬斯(si)洛需求(qiu)(qiu)層次理(li)論(lun),員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最初需求(qiu)(qiu)是重視(shi)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)需求(qiu)(qiu)大于精(jing)神(shen)需求(qiu)(qiu),只有在(zai)(zai)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)需求(qiu)(qiu)達到一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,精(jing)神(shen)需求(qiu)(qiu)才會占重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位(wei)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以,中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)也必須提供有市(shi)場(chang)競爭力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薪酬(chou)待遇。薪酬(chou)過低,在(zai)(zai)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)還沒(mei)有融入企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong),還沒(mei)有被企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文化所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)感化,已經(jing)被外(wai)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誘惑(huo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)吸引,出現了頻繁(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跳槽現象(xiang)。另外(wai),企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)發放薪酬(chou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候也要(yao)貫徹三公原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze),如(ru)甲員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)比(bi)乙員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)績還好,而在(zai)(zai)實際甲得(de)(de)到獎金(jin)比(bi)乙還少,原(yuan)(yuan)因是主管(guan)(guan)是乙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老鄉,這種不(bu)(bu)公平會挫(cuo)傷(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)績好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing),容(rong)易導致(zhi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)失,正(zheng)如(ru)中(zhong)國古(gu)話(hua)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好,人不(bu)(bu)怕(pa)患(huan)寡而怕(pa)患(huan)不(bu)(bu)均。員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)發財還體現在(zai)(zai)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)與企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共贏上(shang),很多(duo)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)沒(mei)有形成規(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)績效管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系,員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)做多(duo)做少一(yi)個樣,沒(mei)有把企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)和員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)捆(kun)綁起來(lai),當企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務繁(fan)忙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)肯定要(yao)多(duo)付出,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)無所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)變化,當業(ye)(ye)(ye)務稀少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)也差(cha)不(bu)(bu)多(duo),這就容(rong)易挫(cuo)傷(shang)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)。李見明認為:如(ru)果員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)通過自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)努力,看不(bu)(bu)到能(neng)發財或賺錢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)希望,必然會挫(cuo)傷(shang)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing),導致(zhi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)職傾向(xiang)增加。
2、員(yuan)工(gong)能成才
這(zhe)是基(ji)于企業(ye)(ye)是否(fou)為(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)提供了(le)(le)完善的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓而(er)言的(de)(de)(de)。據統計,國(guo)內(nei)80%以上的(de)(de)(de)中小企業(ye)(ye)不重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓,不重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)提升(sheng),使(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作幾(ji)年后(hou)還感(gan)覺是在原地打(da)轉(zhuan),根本得不到提升(sheng),這(zhe)會嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)性,覺得在這(zhe)種企業(ye)(ye)難以有(you)出頭之日,萌生(sheng)離職或跳(tiao)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)念頭。一個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成長的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye),從(cong)新員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)入職到在職員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),在每(mei)(mei)個(ge)不同的(de)(de)(de)階段有(you)不同的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓項目,幫助(zhu)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成才,讓(rang)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)感(gan)受每(mei)(mei)年都能(neng)提升(sheng),每(mei)(mei)年都有(you)新的(de)(de)(de)目標,在不斷訓練中成長,增加了(le)(le)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)充實感(gan)而(er)減少了(le)(le)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)離職或跳(tiao)槽(cao)傾(qing)向(xiang)。
3、員(yuan)工能(neng)做事業
員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)事(shi)業(ye),這(zhe)是(shi)基(ji)于給(gei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)提供職(zhi)業(ye)生涯(ya)規(gui)劃而(er)(er)言的(de)(de)。企業(ye)為員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設置不同(tong)的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao),包含技工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程師通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、管理通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao),而(er)(er)各通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)之間又(you)能(neng)互相(xiang)轉(zhuan)換(huan),這(zhe)給(gei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)看到(dao)了希(xi)望(wang),有(you)盼(pan)頭(tou)(tou)。企業(ye)會把員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)目標(biao)和(he)(he)自(zi)身(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)戰略發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)目標(biao)相(xiang)結合(he),調整員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)價值(zhi)(zhi)觀,根據員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)興趣(qu)和(he)(he)技能(neng),把合(he)適的(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)配(pei)置到(dao)合(he)適的(de)(de)位置上,讓員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)有(you)機(ji)會做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)自(zi)己喜(xi)歡做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)事(shi),能(neng)發(fa)(fa)揮自(zi)身(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)潛(qian)能(neng),實(shi)(shi)現自(zi)我(wo)價值(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作中有(you)盼(pan)頭(tou)(tou)。企業(ye)在(zai)為員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)職(zhi)業(ye)生涯(ya)規(gui)劃時(shi),要(yao)轉(zhuan)變人才策(ce)略,把以(yi)(yi)外(wai)部(bu)招(zhao)聘為主轉(zhuan)化成以(yi)(yi)內部(bu)培養(yang)為主,外(wai)部(bu)招(zhao)聘為輔,給(gei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)更(geng)多的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)會,增加了員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)企業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)盼(pan)頭(tou)(tou)和(he)(he)認同(tong)感。在(zai)具體落實(shi)(shi)時(shi),可以(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)過員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技能(neng)評級和(he)(he)管理人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內部(bu)競聘來實(shi)(shi)現員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)規(gui)劃。如有(you)些外(wai)資企業(ye)很少招(zhao)聘空降兵,而(er)(er)是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過內部(bu)培養(yang),基(ji)層操(cao)作工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可以(yi)(yi)晉升(sheng)為技師也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)晉升(sheng)到(dao)公司高層。
4、塑(su)造良好的企(qi)業文化,提升員工(gong)的契合度
企(qi)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)建設是現代(dai)企(qi)業(ye)管理的(de)一個重(zhong)要內(nei)容(rong),國內(nei)外(wai)經驗(yan)表明,成功(gong)企(qi)業(ye)一般(ban)都具(ju)有優秀的(de)企(qi)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),企(qi)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)可以使(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工確立共同的(de)價值觀(guan)念和(he)行為(wei)準則,在企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部形成強(qiang)大的(de)凝聚力(li)和(he)向心力(li),使(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)工產(chan)生一種自(zi)我(wo)約(yue)束(shu)和(he)自(zi)我(wo)激(ji)勵(li)。企(qi)業(ye)管理者(zhe)特別是高層領(ling)導更要建立一種高效企(qi)業(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)氛圍,激(ji)發員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)潛(qian)能,讓員(yuan)(yuan)工能實(shi)現自(zi)我(wo)價值,形成企(qi)業(ye)和(he)員(yuan)(yuan)工之間的(de)強(qiang)契合度(員(yuan)(yuan)工在感情上和(he)理智上都認同公司的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),愿(yuan)意為(wei)公司的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)而發揮(hui)自(zi)己的(de)所(suo)有潛(qian)能,而不計較報(bao)酬,把公司的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)當自(zi)己的(de)事業(ye)來做),增加(jia)員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)敬業(ye)度和(he)歸宿感,減(jian)少(shao)核心員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)流失。
總之,要留住核心(xin)員工(gong),必須抓(zhua)住核心(xin)員工(gong)的內心(xin)需求(qiu),從(cong)物質需求(qiu)向精神需求(qiu)發展,在企(qi)業內部(bu)讓員工(gong)能(neng)發財、成(cheng)才、做事業和(he)形成(cheng)員工(gong)認同的文化(hua),才能(neng)從(cong)根本上留住核心(xin)員工(gong)。
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