被稱為“科(ke)學(xue)管理(li)之父(fu)和(he)工(gong)(gong)業工(gong)(gong)程之父(fu)”的(de)泰勒(Taylor.F.w，1856一1915)，出身于費城一個律(lv)師家(jia)庭。中學(xue)時(shi)(shi)因夜讀過(guo)度，視(shi)力受損(sun)，雖考(kao)上哈佛(fo)大學(xue)亦未能就讀。1875年進(jin)一家(jia)小廠當徒工(gong)(gong).三年后轉(zhuan)人費城米(mi)德瓦爾(er)鋼鐵公司，先(xian)后當過(guo)勤(qin)雜工(gong)(gong)、機工(gong)(gong)、工(gong)(gong)長、設計室主任等。1881年25歲時(shi)(shi)開(kai)始進(jin)行勞動(dong)時(shi)(shi)間研究(jiu)，這就是(shi)他后來創(chuang)立的(de)管理(li)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)基礎。
一、泰勒(le)面臨的問題及其思考
泰(tai)勒(le)真正開始觀察管理問(wen)(wen)題(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)剛(gang)到米德維爾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候。由(you)于泰(tai)勒(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清教徒家庭所形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀念和他(ta)(ta)發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)許(xu)多工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)干活(huo)時(shi)磨洋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率(lv)低下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)(le)很大(da)沖突(tu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)，有(you)些(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)早(zao)已實(shi)行了(le)(le)計(ji)件(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)制(zhi)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于雇(gu)主在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)以后就(jiu)降(jiang)(jiang)低計(ji)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)價，以致于誰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿意多干活(huo)，于是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)計(ji)件(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上又(you)采用(yong)了(le)(le)利潤分(fen)配制(zhi)度以彌(mi)補(bu)計(ji)件(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷(xian)。但盡管如此，可(ke)(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)仍然絲毫(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿多干活(huo)。從(cong)(cong)道理上講工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)希望獲得較高(gao)(gao)(gao)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以采用(yong)計(ji)件(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)應(ying)該很容易達(da)到目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)什么(me)(me)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)？在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)泰(tai)勒(le)看來(lai)(lai)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)只(zhi)達(da)到當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)天能完成產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1/3。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)泰(tai)勒(le)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)干起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，知(zhi)道里面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)：這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)車間(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自己商量(liang)(liang)(liang)決定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)他(ta)(ta)起(qi)初(chu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從(cong)(cong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)打破這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)額。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)他(ta)(ta)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長后，就(jiu)對這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)進行了(le)(le)深入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思考，他(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)兩(liang)個問(wen)(wen)題(ti)引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：一(yi)(yi)個是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)經(jing)營者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明智(zhi)造(zao)成。如果(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)拼命干活(huo)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)然會(hui)(hui)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相應(ying)地增加(jia)，看到這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)情況經(jing)營者(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)產(chan)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)調低單(dan)位產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)水平，于是(shi)(shi)(shi)引起(qi)單(dan)位產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)率(lv)下降(jiang)(jiang)，致使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)非常努(nu)力(li)地干活(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)達(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到原先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)標準，這(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)就(jiu)把(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)適(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地把(ba)活(huo)干到不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)被解雇(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再繼續提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。所以從(cong)(cong)這(zhe)(zhe)方面(mian)看工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)磨洋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)成為(wei)(wei)理所當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事情了(le)(le)。而(er)(er)另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)誤解。他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)認為(wei)(wei)如果(guo)(guo)過分(fen)努(nu)力(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，那么(me)(me)同伴們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)業機(ji)會(hui)(hui)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)減(jian)少。即是(shi)(shi)(shi)說，如果(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)拼命干活(huo)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成連(lian)已經(jing)有(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)會(hui)(hui)失去(qu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)從(cong)(cong)幫助同伴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度上說，努(nu)力(li)增加(jia)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)性(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)了(le)(le)。這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說努(nu)力(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)增加(jia)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到增加(jia)，同時(shi)又(you)失去(qu)了(le)(le)同伴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)友誼，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)誰都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)種怠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)個別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)全國范圍內企業組織普遍存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)泰(tai)勒(le)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長以后必須要(yao)(yao)考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。
在(zai)泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)當工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)時(shi)(shi)，他雖然(ran)不(bu)是出(chu)于本意(yi)少干(gan)活，但(dan)他不(bu)得(de)不(bu)遵守同事們的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)矩。可(ke)(ke)是當上了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)者之后，他的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任感驅使(shi)(shi)他下決(jue)心來(lai)解(jie)決(jue)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)問(wen)題。泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)開(kai)(kai)始向(xiang)傳統(tong)挑戰，他要設法使(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)床(chuang)多生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，而工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)則堅決(jue)不(bu)答應，于是在(zai)泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學管理(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)論誕生(sheng)初期開(kai)(kai)始了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)場持(chi)(chi)久(jiu)艱(jian)苦(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)斗(dou)爭(zheng)。泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)首先自己上車(che)(che)床(chuang)做示范，以讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)認(ren)識到改進(jin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)式是可(ke)(ke)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)。但(dan)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)拒絕(jue)改進(jin)，根本不(bu)肯加(jia)快工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量還是維持(chi)(chi)在(zai)原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平上。泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)又(you)想(xiang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)辦(ban)法，他找來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)批(pi)聰明的(de)(de)(de)(de)、能干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、過(guo)去(qu)沒(mei)(mei)有機會(hui)學機器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，苦(ku)口婆(po)心地(di)教他們怎(zen)樣開(kai)(kai)機床(chuang)，怎(zen)樣把工(gong)(gong)(gong)作做得(de)又(you)快又(you)好。經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)番苦(ku)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)培訓(xun)，這(zhe)(zhe)批(pi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)學會(hui)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)使(shi)(shi)用機床(chuang)。他們一(yi)開(kai)(kai)始向(xiang)泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)保(bao)證達到一(yi)個(ge)(ge)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量，但(dan)是當他們完全掌握了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)門手藝(yi)后卻(que)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)加(jia)入了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行列，和(he)其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量變(bian)得(de)一(yi)樣，并(bing)跟他們一(yi)起和(he)泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)作對。泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)責備(bei)他們不(bu)遵守諾言，便(bian)扣了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)他們一(yi)半的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)向(xiang)經(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)告狀，但(dan)因為泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)早已(yi)和(he)經(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)說(shuo)明了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)事情的(de)(de)(de)(de)原委，泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)取(qu)得(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)暫時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝利。這(zhe)(zhe)樣經(jing)過(guo)長期反復的(de)(de)(de)(de)斗(dou)爭(zheng)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)終于認(ren)輸了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，并(bing)且接受(shou)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量安排。可(ke)(ke)是每當要達到定額、或迫使(shi)(shi)新手按泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)時(shi)(shi)，就出(chu)現(xian)機工(gong)(gong)(gong)故(gu)意(yi)破(po)壞(huai)機器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，以借(jie)此說(shuo)明機器(qi)負擔過(guo)重而發生(sheng)毀壞(huai)，以便(bian)通(tong)過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)現(xian)象說(shuo)明泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)所采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)專制(zhi)性(xing)措施來(lai)增加(jia)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量是愚蠢的(de)(de)(de)(de)。泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)最后沒(mei)(mei)有辦(ban)法就制(zhi)定了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)條規(gui)則，凡是破(po)壞(huai)機器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必須自己付出(chu)一(yi)部分修理(li)(li)(li)(li)費，否則就堅決(jue)辭退，并(bing)將這(zhe)(zhe)筆罰金(jin)作為工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)互助金(jin)使(shi)(shi)用，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)做法得(de)到了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)經(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反對失敗了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，最終同意(yi)接受(shou)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作量。這(zhe)(zhe)場斗(dou)爭(zheng)持(chi)(chi)續3年，最后以泰(tai)勒(le)(le)(le)勝利而告終。
泰(tai)勒的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想基(ji)礎是(shi)馬克斯.韋伯(bo)所稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)那種(zhong)清教(jiao)徒式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)德，是(shi)一種(zhong)新(xin)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)本主義(yi)(yi)精神(shen)(shen)，即以勤(qin)奮和(he)(he)節約為(wei)宗旨的(de)(de)(de)(de)精神(shen)(shen)，而與此相反的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況在泰(tai)勒看來(lai)是(shi)不(bu)能容許(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。工(gong)人(ren)不(bu)盡力工(gong)作(zuo)，是(shi)一種(zhong)令人(ren)可憎的(de)(de)(de)(de)道德問題，是(shi)品德敗壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)表現。他甚(shen)至認為(wei)是(shi)一種(zhong)罪惡，這(zhe)種(zhong)罪惡比機(ji)器(qi)或工(gong)人(ren)閑置(zhi)不(bu)用(yong)還要可恨(hen)。這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)歷時3年泰(tai)勒和(he)(he)工(gong)人(ren)斗(dou)爭并堅持到(dao)底的(de)(de)(de)(de)內在原(yuan)因。從某種(zhong)意(yi)義(yi)(yi)上來(lai)說，這(zhe)是(shi)兩(liang)種(zhong)道德觀(guan)念(nian)和(he)(he)價值觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖突，也(ye)反映出支(zhi)撐(cheng)資(zi)本主義(yi)(yi)大廈(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三根(gen)精神(shen)(shen)支(zhi)柱對資(zi)本主義(yi)(yi)發展(zhan)起(qi)著巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。泰(tai)勒在贏得這(zhe)場斗(dou)爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝利(li)后，不(bu)再采用(yong)罰款和(he)(he)降低(di)工(gong)資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，而是(shi)建(jian)立了(le)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度。這(zhe)也(ye)促進了(le)泰(tai)勒對這(zhe)場斗(dou)爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)思考，即如(ru)何在實際工(gong)作(zuo)中避(bi)免管(guan)理部門(men)和(he)(he)工(gong)人(ren)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)劇烈沖突。他認為(wei)有必要作(zuo)出一種(zhong)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計，確(que)定一個大家都能接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)客觀(guan)標準，這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)管(guan)理思想。
泰勒對(dui)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)磨(mo)(mo)洋(yang)(yang)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)是這(zhe)樣解釋的(de)(de)(de)：第一，工(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)認識問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。認為加快工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會使(shi)另(ling)外一些(xie)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)找不到工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。第二(er)，管(guan)理(li)(li)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)存在著嚴重的(de)(de)(de)缺陷。第三，工(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。由于工(gong)(gong)人(ren)們使(shi)用代代相(xiang)傳(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)憑經驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)法。通過(guo)(guo)以上分(fen)析，泰勒覺得主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)責任是在管(guan)理(li)(li)部(bu)門，只要(yao)管(guan)理(li)(li)部(bu)門能(neng)適當(dang)地確定工(gong)(gong)資，提供適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)激勵，便能(neng)減(jian)少怠工(gong)(gong)、克服磨(mo)(mo)洋(yang)(yang)工(gong)(gong)現象，但問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)真正困難是如何切(qie)實為每(mei)項工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)規定一個(ge)(ge)完(wan)全公正的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，即怎樣取合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)量"。這(zhe)就(jiu)必須從事實出發，通過(guo)(guo)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)來找出這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)含有深刻科學(xue)意義的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)來。
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