在(zai)競爭日益全球化，市場需求瞬息萬變的(de)(de)(de)今天，當企業有了(le)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)戰略(lve)定位后，卓越的(de)(de)(de)生產力已成為(wei)競爭優勢的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)；如何(he)以最經濟的(de)(de)(de)方法實(shi)現高效(xiao)率、低成本(ben)、快速響應市場需求、保證產品質量的(de)(de)(de)一致性，如何(he)獲得綜合效(xiao)益的(de)(de)(de)持續改善，是企業面臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)共同課(ke)(ke)題(ti)。工(gong)業工(gong)程（IndustrialEngineering簡稱IE）為(wei)解決這一課(ke)(ke)題(ti)提供(gong)了(le)*的(de)(de)(de)解決辦法。
近年來(lai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程（IE）的(de)(de)一(yi)些單項(xiang)技術或(huo)成果被人們(men)出于各種目的(de)(de)的(de)(de)推(tui)廣或(huo)炒作(zuo)，如(ru)上面提到準(zhun)時制生產(chan)、精益制造、5S管理(li)、豐田(tian)生產(chan)方(fang)式(shi)，以及6螅ㄖ柿浚(jun)┕芾懟PM管理(li)、物(wu)流(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程、網絡制造（CIM）、ERP等等，由于這(zhe)種形式(shi)的(de)(de)推(tui)廣往往是照(zhao)搬硬套(tao)，頭(tou)痛醫(yi)頭(tou)，腳(jiao)(jiao)痛醫(yi)腳(jiao)(jiao)，缺乏工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程（IE）整個理(li)論(lun)體系和方(fang)法的(de)(de)支持，忽略了應(ying)用(yong)對象的(de)(de)自身(shen)背景，甚至有(you)些根本是出于經(jing)濟利益驅使，不負責任的(de)(de)炒作(zuo)，因(yin)此(ci)造成了人們(men)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程認識上的(de)(de)混淆。于是有(you)不少(shao)企業(ye)，聽(ting)到工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程（IE）這(zhe)個名(ming)詞先是一(yi)愣，感到很陌生，聽(ting)了幾句解(jie)釋之后就感到“恍然大悟”，如(ru)同瞎子摸象，認為自己什么(me)都知(zhi)道，不過如(ru)此(ci)；甚至把(ba)一(yi)些失敗的(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)當(dang)成了工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)真諦(di)。這(zhe)種現象嚴重影響(xiang)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程（IE）在(zai)我國的(de)(de)迅速(su)推(tui)廣。
什么是工(gong)(gong)(gong)業工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（IE）工(gong)(gong)(gong)業工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（IE）與人(ren)類(lei)社會工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)起(qi)，已經走過(guo)了一(yi)百多年的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)，對人(ren)類(lei)社會，尤(you)其(qi)是西方的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)和(he)社會發展產生了巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)推動作(zuo)用。世界(jie)上諸多工(gong)(gong)(gong)業發達國家，如*、德國、日本、英國等，其(qi)經濟(ji)發展都(dou)與其(qi)雄厚的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業及其(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（IE）的(de)(de)(de)實力有著(zhu)密(mi)切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)聯系。在*，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（IE）與機械工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、電子工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、土木工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、計(ji)算機、航空工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)起(qi)，并稱(cheng)為(wei)七大(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，可見它的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特性(xing)和(he)重要性(xing)。
工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）在(zai)上(shang)述工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)化國家受到了工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍重視，其(qi)(qi)原(yuan)因就是因為(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）直接面向企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)運作過程(cheng)(cheng)；它與(yu)數學(xue)、人因學(xue)、經濟管(guan)理、各(ge)種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術有著密(mi)切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)，以系(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)哲(zhe)理，以運籌學(xue)等數學(xue)方法為(wei)(wei)(wei)理論基(ji)礎(chu)，以現代(dai)信息技(ji)術為(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具，用工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析方法對包(bao)括制造業(ye)、服務業(ye)在(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由人、物(wu)料、設備(bei)、能源、信息等多種(zhong)因素所(suo)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)或組(zu)織系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)管(guan)理問題進行定(ding)量、系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析、設計與(yu)優化，從(cong)而實(shi)現系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)*效(xiao)(xiao)率和效(xiao)(xiao)益。工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）是*一門以系(xi)統(tong)效(xiao)(xiao)率和效(xiao)(xiao)益為(wei)(wei)(wei)目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術，因此成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)它工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)不能替代(dai)，同時又(you)對其(qi)(qi)它工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)互補性很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一項的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合性邊緣(yuan)學(xue)科。
如(ru)任(ren)何一(yi)門工程(cheng)技術一(yi)樣，工業(ye)(ye)工程(cheng)（IE）也有其(qi)代表性(xing)成(cheng)果(guo)，如(ru)：在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)系(xi)統領域，一(yi)直主導工業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)”。工業(ye)(ye)工程(cheng)（IE）最早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)果(guo)就是“福(fu)特生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)”，它是以(yi)大規模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)流水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)來提高生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)率、降低勞動(dong)(dong)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)，這一(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)主導了長達半個(ge)世紀(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工業(ye)(ye)進程(cheng)。隨著市(shi)場和(he)(he)技術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，隨著人(ren)們(men)對工業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)長期實踐、認識與研(yan)究，在近三十年(nian)里，各種(zhong)先進的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)層出不(bu)窮，如(ru)對日(ri)本(ben)汽(qi)車工業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展及(ji)至全世界(jie)制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)重要影(ying)(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)準時(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)（JustInTime-JIT）、精益生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)（LeanProduction），具有*信(xin)息時(shi)代生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)制(zhi)造特征的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)捷制(zhi)造方式(shi)(shi)(shi)（AgileManufacturing），以(yi)及(ji)現在人(ren)們(men)談論很多的(de)(de)(de)大規模(mo)(mo)定制(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)（MassCustomization）。這每一(yi)種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)，都極大地(di)影(ying)(ying)響著整個(ge)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)運作，通過改善企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)務流程(cheng)，改變(bian)和(he)(he)發(fa)展了企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營方式(shi)(shi)(shi)，從而推動(dong)(dong)了全人(ren)類近半個(ge)世紀(ji)的(de)(de)(de)高速(su)發(fa)展。
工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）能解(jie)決什么問題(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）解(jie)決的(de)(de)主要問題(ti)是(shi)各類產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)服(fu)務(wu)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)增值鏈問題(ti)。例如(ru)，機械工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在完成其對(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品及(ji)制(zhi)造工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)研究和(he)設計后(hou)，就要進(jin)(jin)入投產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階(jie)段，在產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品進(jin)(jin)入這(zhe)一(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階(jie)段后(hou)，就需要運(yun)(yun)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）的(de)(de)知識來(lai)面對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)組織與運(yun)(yun)行(xing)問題(ti)，如(ru)：如(ru)何縮短生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)線，如(ru)何合(he)理化(hua)(hua)作業(ye)(ye)空間(jian)(jian)，如(ru)何進(jin)(jin)行(xing)零部件和(he)制(zhi)成品的(de)(de)全(quan)球配送，如(ru)何保障生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)或服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量等(deng)等(deng)。為了(le)交(jiao)給顧客一(yi)個(ge)滿意(yi)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品，人們不光要物理地實現(xian)所(suo)設計的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品，而且要解(jie)決生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量和(he)成本問題(ti)，還有(you)時間(jian)(jian)、人員、機器、資(zi)本等(deng)資(zi)源的(de)(de)有(you)效運(yun)(yun)籌，而這(zhe)些決定著(zhu)最終產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)交(jiao)貨期(qi)、質(zhi)量和(he)利潤，這(zhe)些工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)所(suo)面臨的(de)(de)問題(ti)，正是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）所(suo)要解(jie)決的(de)(de)問題(ti)。
工(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)（IE）的(de)研(yan)究領(ling)域主(zhu)要(yao)有三個：生產系統(tong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)領(ling)域、人因(yin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)領(ling)域和運(yun)籌研(yan)究領(ling)域。工(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)（IE）在制造(zao)業(ye)、娛樂業(ye)、醫(yi)療業(ye)、銀行業(ye)、軍事等(deng)行業(ye)有著重要(yao)、廣泛的(de)應用，特別是(shi)今天的(de)中國(guo)，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)、服務(wu)業(ye)甚(shen)至農(nong)業(ye)的(de)效率亟待提高，這些(xie)都可(ke)以運(yun)用工(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)（IE）的(de)方(fang)法。
工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)（IE）在國(guo)際上(shang)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與應用國(guo)外(wai)的(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)（IE）十分成(cheng)熟(shu)和發(fa)(fa)達，作為當前(qian)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)最發(fa)(fa)達的(de)國(guo)家(jia)，*工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)（IE）的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)*有代表性。可以說，*是工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)（IE）的(de)發(fa)(fa)源地(di)，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)（IE）對*的(de)國(guo)民經濟一直產生(sheng)著重(zhong)要的(de)影響。
在*，企(qi)業(ye)中(zhong)都設有工業(ye)工程部門；例如自稱為(wei)世界飛機制造業(ye)霸(ba)主(zhu)的(de)波(bo)(bo)音(yin)公司，其霸(ba)主(zhu)地位主(zhu)要得益于工業(ye)工程，因此他要求(qiu)包括我國在內的(de)外(wai)國配(pei)(pei)套(tao)企(qi)業(ye)必須應用工業(ye)工程，否則就沒有資格為(wei)波(bo)(bo)音(yin)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)。
*許多(duo)*的(de)大學(xue)都有(you)很強的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）專業(ye)(ye)，他們的(de)辦學(xue)特色(se)(se)與(yu)當地(di)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)特色(se)(se)溶為(wei)(wei)一體(ti)。以(yi)(yi)目前*四個*的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）專業(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)例(li)，由(you)于(yu)地(di)理位(wei)置的(de)不同(tong)，加(jia)州大學(xue)伯克(ke)力分校的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）以(yi)(yi)電(dian)子制造業(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)擅(shan)長(chang)；密西根大學(xue)則以(yi)(yi)機(ji)械制造業(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)擅(shan)長(chang)；喬治亞理工(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)運輸和(he)服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)擅(shan)長(chang)；而普渡大學(xue)則以(yi)(yi)人(ren)因(yin)學(xue)和(he)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)擅(shan)長(chang)。因(yin)此可(ke)以(yi)(yi)講(jiang)，在*，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）的(de)發展是(shi)與(yu)地(di)區經(jing)濟(ji)和(he)國(guo)家經(jing)濟(ji)緊密結合的(de)，是(shi)為(wei)(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)發展提供服(fu)務和(he)支持的(de)。
在*，古典工(gong)業工(gong)程（IE）與制造工(gong)程密不(bu)可分(fen)，但現代工(gong)業工(gong)程（IE）已將應用面(mian)擴展到(dao)了(le)服務(wu)業、金融(rong)業、物(wu)流(liu)業等，幾乎所有有組織的社會化生(sheng)產活動都成為現代工(gong)業工(gong)程（IE）的主要服務(wu)對象。
在(zai)德國，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）有時(shi)稱(cheng)為生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，大學(xue)里所(suo)有工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)類專業(ye)(ye)的(de)學(xue)生，都被(bei)要求在(zai)運籌學(xue)、物(wu)流或后勤(qin)學(xue)、系(xi)統工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)等方面進行(xing)學(xue)習。與英國、法國等其(qi)它歐洲國家一樣(yang)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）師是十分受企(qi)業(ye)(ye)歡迎的(de)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）師在(zai)系(xi)統分析、系(xi)統優化、系(xi)統集(ji)成方面發揮著重要的(de)作用。
日本(ben)自六十年代從*引進(jin)了(le)工業工程技術(shu)，根據本(ben)國民族文化特(te)色加以發展、應用，創造了(le)如準時(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)、精益(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)造、5S管理(li)、豐田生(sheng)產(chan)方式等一系列先進(jin)的生(sheng)產(chan)管理(li)模式，使企業效益(yi)(yi)成倍增長(chang)，對日本(ben)的經濟騰飛起(qi)了(le)重(zhong)大作用。
臺灣用(yong)了十年(nian)推廣工(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，大大促進了臺灣的(de)經濟實力(li)。如年(nian)產(chan)值近50億美元，每年(nian)效益遞(di)增幾十個億新臺幣的(de)臺灣科技(ji)首富(fu)Foxconn（富(fu)士康）集團，2001年(nian)專(zhuan)門聘請了著名工(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)家(jia)擔任總(zong)裁特別助理，并創建(jian)了Foxconn工(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學院，專(zhuan)門為企(qi)業(ye)和社會培養工(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)才。其當家(jia)人(ren)郭臺銘(ming)入選(xuan)*商(shang)業(ye)周(zhou)刊評選(xuan)的(de)“創業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)家(jia)亞洲(zhou)之星”時表示：“沒(mei)(mei)有工(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)就沒(mei)(mei)有我郭臺銘(ming)的(de)今(jin)天”。
新加坡(po)政府從(cong)20世紀60年代中期開始致力(li)(li)于改進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)，80年代正式掀起(qi)“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)運(yun)動(dong)”并使其成為一個大眾(zhong)運(yun)動(dong)。他們將生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)的改進(jin)作為經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)政策的核心，在全(quan)(quan)社(she)會范圍把工(gong)業工(gong)程的理念從(cong)意識(shi)階段發(fa)展到行(xing)動(dong)階段，然后進(jin)入自覺階段。依賴于有效利用人力(li)(li)和資本，并鼓勵(li)發(fa)明的全(quan)(quan)因素生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)成為經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展的主要來源(yuan)，促使其國民(min)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)增長跨(kua)過勞動(dong)力(li)(li)驅動(dong)和資本驅動(dong)兩(liang)個階段，進(jin)入到知識(shi)驅動(dong)的發(fa)展階段，成功跨(kua)入亞洲四小龍行(xing)列。
此外，在(zai)*、英國(guo)(guo)(guo)、日本、新加坡、香(xiang)港(gang)、臺灣、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)馬來西亞等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家和(he)地區，都設(she)置(zhi)有(you)專門向(xiang)中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)提供工(gong)(gong)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)程服(fu)務的(de)機(ji)(ji)構，其中(zhong)一些(xie)(xie)是(shi)由(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)支持或直接作為(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)部門。如*的(de)生產(chan)力(li)(li)和(he)質量中(zhong)心、大學制造卓越(yue)中(zhong)心、以及香(xiang)港(gang)生產(chan)力(li)(li)促進局(ju)等(deng)。這些(xie)(xie)機(ji)(ji)構推廣“卓越(yue)立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)”、“質量立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)”或“生產(chan)力(li)(li)立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)”的(de)思想；其中(zhong)香(xiang)港(gang)生產(chan)力(li)(li)促進局(ju)為(wei)了向(xiang)在(zai)大陸投資(zi)的(de)港(gang)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)提供服(fu)務，2003年還決定在(zai)深圳(zhen)、珠海(hai)(hai)等(deng)4個大陸沿海(hai)(hai)城市設(she)立(li)辦事處。
前車之(zhi)(zhi)鑒，后事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)師。這些工業(ye)發達國(guo)家(jia)和地區的工業(ye)工程(cheng)（IE）建(jian)設與發展經(jing)驗，值得目前正致力于走新型工業(ye)化道(dao)路的中國(guo)和中國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)學習借(jie)鑒。
工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）是(shi)目(mu)前我(wo)國急需(xu)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技術盡管(guan)工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)發達國家有(you)著(zhu)長(chang)期的(de)發展歷史，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)國，長(chang)達半(ban)個世紀的(de)計劃經濟體(ti)制以及從計劃經濟向市場經濟過(guo)渡下(xia)的(de)企業(ye)發展和(he)競爭一直是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)追求產品和(he)服務的(de)數量，而沒(mei)有(you)對效益和(he)效率(lv)產生迫切的(de)需(xu)求，因此工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）這門以“軟”為特(te)征的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技術一直沒(mei)有(you)得到普(pu)遍的(de)認識和(he)推(tui)廣(guang)。
在改(gai)革(ge)開放(fang)(fang)經歷了(le)二十年的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)之后，中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟已進(jin)入了(le)一(yi)個嶄新的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)期。從過去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資金引進(jin)，轉變成為(wei)現(xian)在對(dui)技術、對(dui)管(guan)(guan)理、對(dui)人才的(de)(de)(de)(de)引進(jin)，其(qi)中(zhong)也包括對(dui)工業(ye)工程（IE）的(de)(de)(de)(de)引進(jin)。國家領導(dao)與(yu)企業(ye)老(lao)總(zong)們(men)開始關心如(ru)何(he)(he)將過去(qu)粗放(fang)(fang)型管(guan)(guan)理變為(wei)以量化為(wei)基礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)精益管(guan)(guan)理模式，如(ru)何(he)(he)盡快(kuai)地改(gai)善企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經營(ying)效益、如(ru)何(he)(he)盡快(kuai)地提高(gao)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)素質、如(ru)何(he)(he)盡快(kuai)地提升中(zhong)國工業(ye)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合競爭能(neng)力。工業(ye)工程（IE）的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，工程與(yu)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)結合，對(dui)各類企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運作研究，正是要解決這(zhe)些問(wen)題(ti)。
但是(shi)直到(dao)目(mu)前，真(zhen)正對(dui)(dui)工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)（IE）認識(shi)和需求(qiu)最多(duo)的還限于(yu)外資企(qi)業(ye)、港(gang)臺企(qi)業(ye)和沿海一(yi)些發展迅(xun)速(su)的民(min)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)，這是(shi)因為他(ta)們已(yi)經經歷(li)了(le)所在(zai)地工(gong)業(ye)發展的幾個(ge)必(bi)然階段(duan)并對(dui)(dui)工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)（IE）的作用有深刻的體會。而大部分國(guo)內企(qi)業(ye)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)（IE）的認識(shi)還處于(yu)萌芽過程(cheng)中(zhong)，這主要(yao)表現(xian)在(zai)兩(liang)個(ge)層面：
一是(shi)(shi)全然不(bu)(bu)知，對工(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)程（IE）及其內容沒有(you)(you)任何概念(nian)和需求認識。這樣(yang)的企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)分為(wei)兩類，一類是(shi)(shi)產品本身缺乏(fa)市場(chang)、缺乏(fa)競(jing)爭(zheng)力，這類企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)首先面對的是(shi)(shi)生存問題(ti)，效率問題(ti)根本提(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)日程上(shang)來，他們不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)程研究(jiu)的對象(xiang)；另一類企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)產品定(ding)位比較(jiao)好，市場(chang)空(kong)間大，或(huo)處(chu)于(yu)某種壟斷優(you)勢，因此目前沒有(you)(you)迫切的競(jing)爭(zheng)危機，提(ti)(ti)高效率與(yu)效益還沒有(you)(you)成為(wei)自(zi)覺(jue)的需求，隨著我國溶入全球化(hua)經濟，這樣(yang)的企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)為(wei)數已經不(bu)(bu)多。
二是似(si)是而非，對(dui)(dui)(dui)工業工程（IE）技術有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)感性需求(qiu)，或對(dui)(dui)(dui)工業工程（IE）的(de)部分內(nei)容有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)了解甚(shen)(shen)至應用；但是這些(xie)企業中(zhong)絕大部分對(dui)(dui)(dui)于工業工程（IE）缺乏系(xi)統的(de)了解，甚(shen)(shen)至沒有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個完整的(de)概念，于是片面地得(de)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)似(si)是而非的(de)認(ren)識。
在這里(li)，我們鄭重(zhong)地提醒(xing)大(da)家(jia)：工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）對于(yu)企業(ye)乃至國家(jia)經濟效益(yi)的(de)(de)推動作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)已(yi)經過發(fa)達國家(jia)的(de)(de)實踐驗證(zheng)，是企業(ye)參與市(shi)場(chang)競爭的(de)(de)必修課(ke)。工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）有一(yi)套完整(zheng)的(de)(de)學科技(ji)術(shu)體系(xi)，它的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)和(he)推廣必須(xu)遵(zun)循這套完整(zheng)理論，并結合(he)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)者的(de)(de)實際情況。目前我國工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)人才和(he)技(ji)術(shu)力量還很(hen)薄弱，大(da)部(bu)分專(zhuan)家(jia)主要集中(zhong)(zhong)在幾(ji)所著名高(gao)等院校(xiao)和(he)專(zhuan)業(ye)機構中(zhong)(zhong)，企業(ye)在引進和(he)學習工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術(shu)時，一(yi)定(ding)要慎重(zhong)考證(zheng)技(ji)術(shu)輸出方的(de)(de)背景(jing)和(he)實力，避免被誤導。
推廣(guang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，人(ren)才(cai)(cai)先行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）是一項(xiang)實(shi)踐(jian)性很強的(de)(de)技(ji)術，需要(yao)全員(yuan)上下的(de)(de)理解和(he)參與。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）人(ren)才(cai)(cai)是一種高素(su)質復合(he)型(xing)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)，必須經過(guo)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)訓練，而且還需要(yao)了解所從(cong)事的(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領域的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術，有(you)豐富的(de)(de)實(shi)踐(jian)經驗。我國(guo)引(yin)進工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）不(bu)過(guo)十幾(ji)(ji)年，高校(xiao)普遍開設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（IE）專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)才(cai)(cai)是近(jin)幾(ji)(ji)年的(de)(de)事，因此在我國(guo)真正由高校(xiao)培(pei)養(yang)出(chu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)鳳毛麟(lin)角(jiao)，而且這些人(ren)走上工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作崗(gang)位(wei)為時(shi)(shi)不(bu)長，大多還缺乏工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)經驗。因此，相當一段時(shi)(shi)間內(nei)，在我國(guo)推廣(guang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，主要(yao)靠從(cong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部選拔(ba)培(pei)養(yang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)。產學研聯合(he)是最(zui)有(you)效的(de)(de)方(fang)法，通過(guo)高校(xiao)和(he)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)咨詢(xun)機構對企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)生產管理人(ren)員(yuan)進行(xing)培(pei)訓，并(bing)及時(shi)(shi)引(yin)進國(guo)外工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)展的(de)(de)先進經驗加(jia)以研究，為中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展提(ti)出(chu)適合(he)中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)情(qing)的(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)解決方(fang)案，在實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)加(jia)以指導和(he)服(fu)務。
隨著工(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)程（IE）在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)廣泛推廣，隨著中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)對工(gong)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)程的(de)(de)不斷(duan)認知，將為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)從制造(zao)大國(guo)向制造(zao)強(qiang)國(guo)的(de)(de)邁進打下實實在在的(de)(de)基礎。
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