一、定價策略類型 在(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)培訓中,首(shou)先會(hui)涉及到定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)的(de)類型(xing)。常見(jian)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)有(you)撇脂(zhi)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)、滲透(tou)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)和(he)滿意(yi)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(溫(wen)(wen)和(he)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve))。 1. 撇脂(zhi)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve) - 這種(zhong)(zhong)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)是指(zhi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)壽命周期(qi)的(de)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)期(qi)或成(cheng)長(chang)期(qi),利用(yong)(yong)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者的(de)求(qiu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)、求(qiu)奇心理,抓住激烈(lie)競(jing)(jing)爭尚未出(chu)現的(de)有(you)利時機(ji),有(you)目(mu)的(de)地將(jiang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格定(ding)(ding)得很高(gao)(gao)。例如一些科技含量高(gao)(gao)、創新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),像新(xin)(xin)(xin)款的(de)高(gao)(gao)端智能手機(ji)在(zai)剛上(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)時,往往采用(yong)(yong)撇脂(zhi)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)。它就像從(cong)鮮奶中撇取(qu)乳脂(zhi)一樣,目(mu)的(de)是在(zai)短期(qi)內獲取(qu)盡可(ke)(ke)能多的(de)利潤,盡快(kuai)地收回投(tou)資。其(qi)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)條件(jian)包括產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)質量、形象(xiang)必須(xu)與(yu)高(gao)(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)相(xiang)符(fu),且(qie)(qie)有(you)足夠的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者能接受這種(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)并愿(yuan)意(yi)購買;產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)必須(xu)有(you)特色,競(jing)(jing)爭者在(zai)短期(qi)內不(bu)易打入(ru)(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。優點(dian)是能迅(xun)速補償研究與(yu)開(kai)(kai)發費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong),便(bian)于企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)籌(chou)集資金,并掌(zhang)握調價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)主動權。然而,它也(ye)有(you)缺點(dian),比(bi)如定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)會(hui)限制(zhi)需(xu)求(qiu),銷路不(bu)易擴(kuo)大(da);高(gao)(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)原則會(hui)誘發競(jing)(jing)爭,企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)壓力大(da);企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)高(gao)(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)高(gao)(gao)利時期(qi)也(ye)較(jiao)短,適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于仿制(zhi)可(ke)(ke)能性較(jiao)小,生(sheng)命周期(qi)較(jiao)短且(qie)(qie)高(gao)(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)仍有(you)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。 2. 滲透(tou)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve) - 滲透(tou)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是指(zhi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)將(jiang)其(qi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格定(ding)(ding)得相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較(jiao)低(di),盡可(ke)(ke)能快(kuai)速打開(kai)(kai)銷路,獲得較(jiao)大(da)的(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)占有(you)率,待產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)站穩腳(jiao)跟以后(hou)(hou),再將(jiang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。比(bi)如一些新(xin)(xin)(xin)推出(chu)的(de)日用(yong)(yong)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)牌,為了快(kuai)速占據市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)份額,會(hui)采用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)。它的(de)優勢在(zai)于可(ke)(ke)以迅(xun)速擴(kuo)大(da)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)份額,抑制(zhi)現實的(de)和(he)潛在(zai)的(de)競(jing)(jing)爭對(dui)(dui)手進入(ru)(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang),并且(qie)(qie)隨著(zhu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經驗(yan)的(de)積(ji)累,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)分銷成(cheng)本將(jiang)會(hui)降低(di)。但如果后(hou)(hou)期(qi)提(ti)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)不(bu)當,可(ke)(ke)能會(hui)引起消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者反感(gan)。 3. 滿意(yi)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(溫(wen)(wen)和(he)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)) - 這種(zhong)(zhong)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)介于撇脂(zhi)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)滲透(tou)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之間,既不(bu)過(guo)高(gao)(gao)也(ye)不(bu)過(guo)低(di)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)考(kao)慮成(cheng)本、需(xu)求(qiu)和(he)競(jing)(jing)爭等因素后(hou)(hou),制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)一個適(shi)中的(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格,既能保(bao)證企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)有(you)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)利潤空間,又(you)能讓消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)者接受。對(dui)(dui)于那些市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)穩定(ding)(ding)、競(jing)(jing)爭比(bi)較(jiao)溫(wen)(wen)和(he)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),這種(zhong)(zhong)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)(lve)較(jiao)為合適(shi)。
二、定價需考量的因素 1. 市場(chang)因(yin)素(su) - 市場(chang)類(lei)型對(dui)(dui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)影(ying)響(xiang)。例如,商(shang)家可(ke)以(yi)選(xuan)擇(ze)收費定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、運(yun)營商(shang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)或(huo)量價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)等(deng)。收費定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)一(yi)(yi)次性付款的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式購買新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge);運(yun)營商(shang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)服務狀(zhuang)態購買新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge);量價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)購買數量選(xuan)擇(ze)不同價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)區間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略。此外,市場(chang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略還基于市場(chang)份額(e)、顧客(ke)期望、需求變化以(yi)及顧客(ke)忠誠度(du)等(deng)因(yin)素(su)來(lai)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)。市場(chang)對(dui)(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)感度(du)也(ye)很關鍵,如果市場(chang)對(dui)(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)非(fei)常(chang)敏(min)感,低價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)可(ke)刺(ci)激市場(chang)份額(e)進一(yi)(yi)步擴大。比如在一(yi)(yi)些競爭(zheng)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)日用品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市場(chang),價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)稍(shao)有(you)(you)波動就可(ke)能影(ying)響(xiang)銷(xiao)量。 2. 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)因(yin)素(su) - 商(shang)家應該考慮產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能、質(zhi)量等(deng)與(yu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)切相(xiang)關。例如,具有(you)(you)獨特(te)功能或(huo)者高(gao)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)(you)更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。同時,與(yu)市場(chang)交易動態密(mi)切相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略也(ye)在這一(yi)(yi)過(guo)程中發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)重要(yao)作用。 3. 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)或(huo)形(xing)象因(yin)素(su) - 從(cong)(cong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)或(huo)形(xing)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)考慮定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)也(ye)非(fei)常(chang)重要(yao)。品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)或(huo)形(xing)象可(ke)以(yi)幫助商(shang)家有(you)(you)效地將新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)與(yu)已有(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)相(xiang)比較,從(cong)(cong)而(er)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi),充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)利潤空間(jian)(jian),進而(er)提(ti)高(gao)銷(xiao)售收入。知名品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)推出(chu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)時,往往可(ke)以(yi)憑(ping)借品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)影(ying)響(xiang)力制定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge),消(xiao)(xiao)費者也(ye)因(yin)為對(dui)(dui)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信任而(er)愿(yuan)意接受。 4. 等(deng)級解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案因(yin)素(su) - 商(shang)家在定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)時應該通(tong)(tong)過(guo)等(deng)級解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案來(lai)考慮定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。等(deng)級解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案幫助商(shang)家通(tong)(tong)過(guo)分(fen)配有(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),識別新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)點,從(cong)(cong)而(er)提(ti)升(sheng)銷(xiao)售收入、改善客(ke)戶體驗(yan)和提(ti)高(gao)有(you)(you)效收入。例如,一(yi)(yi)些電子(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)廠(chang)商(shang)會根據產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配置、功能等(deng)劃分(fen)不同等(deng)級,每個(ge)等(deng)級有(you)(you)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge),以(yi)滿足(zu)不同消(xiao)(xiao)費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。
三、定價的目標與步驟 1. 定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)目(mu)標 - 企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)目(mu)標有多種,如(ru)最(zui)高銷(xiao)(xiao)售成(cheng)(cheng)長(希望達到銷(xiao)(xiao)售額*增(zeng)長量(liang))、*市場(chang)(chang)撇(pie)脂(制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)高價(jia)(jia)(jia)來“撇(pie)脂”市場(chang)(chang))、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)領先(xian)(樹立在(zai)(zai)市場(chang)(chang)上(shang)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)領先(xian)地位的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標)等。另外,一(yi)(yi)些企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)會(hui)考慮(lv)(lv)市場(chang)(chang)對價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)性(xing)、生產(chan)(chan)和(he)分銷(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)變化以及(ji)(ji)競爭(zheng)(zheng)對手的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)來確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)目(mu)標。如(ru)果(guo)市場(chang)(chang)對價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)非常敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)可能(neng)會(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)低(di)(di)價(jia)(jia)(jia)以擴(kuo)大市場(chang)(chang)份額;如(ru)果(guo)隨著(zhu)生產(chan)(chan)經驗的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累,生產(chan)(chan)和(he)分銷(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)將(jiang)會(hui)降低(di)(di),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)也可能(neng)先(xian)采用低(di)(di)價(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略。 2. 定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)步驟 - 首先(xian)是選擇定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)目(mu)標,這是定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。然(ran)后要(yao)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)需求(qiu),這里(li)涉(she)及(ji)(ji)到一(yi)(yi)些影響顧(gu)(gu)客價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying),如(ru)最(zui)終(zhong)利益(yi)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(開(kai)支在(zai)(zai)最(zui)終(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)費用中(zhong)所占(zhan)比例(li)越(yue)低(di)(di),顧(gu)(gu)客的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)性(xing)越(yue)低(di)(di))、分攤成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(如(ru)果(guo)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)由另一(yi)(yi)方分攤,顧(gu)(gu)客的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)性(xing)越(yue)低(di)(di))、積(ji)累投(tou)資效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(如(ru)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)與以前購買(mai)的(de)(de)(de)資產(chan)(chan)合在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)使用,顧(gu)(gu)客對價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)不敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan))、價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)質量(liang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(假設顧(gu)(gu)客認為(wei)某種產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)更優、聲望更高或是更高檔的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),顧(gu)(gu)客對價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)性(xing)就越(yue)低(di)(di))等。在(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)過程中(zhong),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)還需要(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、市場(chang)(chang)需求(qiu)、競爭(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)以及(ji)(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)法規(gui)等因素(su)。例(li)如(ru),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)新(xin)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)時,如(ru)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)較高,定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)時就需要(yao)在(zai)(zai)保證利潤(run)的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下合理定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia);如(ru)果(guo)市場(chang)(chang)上(shang)競爭(zheng)(zheng)激(ji)烈,就要(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)競爭(zheng)(zheng)對手的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)來制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)有競爭(zheng)(zheng)力的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)。同時,政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)法規(gui)也可能(neng)對某些產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)限制(zhi)(zhi),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)必須遵守相(xiang)關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。
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