1概念(nian)編輯
金(jin)融市(shi)(shi)(shi)場體系(xi)是指(zhi)其子市(shi)(shi)(shi)場的構成形式(shi)。包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)貨幣(bi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、外匯市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、黃金(jin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場。其中,貨幣(bi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)承兌貼現市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、拆(chai)借市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、短期政府(fu)債券市(shi)(shi)(shi)場。資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)儲蓄市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、證券市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)發行市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、交易市(shi)(shi)(shi)場)以(yi)及中長期銀行信貸市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、保(bao)險市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、融資(zi)租賃市(shi)(shi)(shi)場。
金融市場體(ti)系中(zhong)幾個主(zhu)要(yao)的子市場都有其共性的東西:
1、風險性(不確(que)定性):如,股(gu)票市(shi)(shi)場的(de)風險、外匯市(shi)(shi)場的(de)風險。
金融市場體系
2、價(jia)(jia)格以價(jia)(jia)值為基礎,供求(qiu)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)影響:股票價(jia)(jia)格的(de)波動、債券價(jia)(jia)格的(de)波動,最終(zhong)都反(fan)應其(qi)價(jia)(jia)值,受(shou)供求(qiu)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)影響。
3、影(ying)響(xiang)債券流通(tong)價格(ge)、影(ying)響(xiang)股票價格(ge)、匯率波動(dong)等(deng)的基本面(mian)分析(xi)既(ji)要(yao)考慮(lv)宏觀(guan)經濟(ji)影(ying)響(xiang),也(ye)要(yao)考慮(lv)微觀(guan)經濟(ji)的影(ying)響(xiang)等(deng)。
金(jin)融(rong)市場體系中的(de)相關(guan)相近或相異的(de)內容:
1、金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng),同業拆借市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng),債券市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng),股票市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng),外(wai)匯市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng),期貨市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)等。
2、外匯市場(chang)參與(yu)者(zhe),期貨(huo)市場(chang)的參與(yu)者(zhe),同業拆借市場(chang)的參與(yu)者(zhe)。
3、貼現(xian),轉貼現(xian),再貼現(xian)。
4、匯(hui)票,本票與(yu)支票的異同等(deng)等(deng)。
2分類編(bian)輯
金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)系(xi)包括貨(huo)幣(bi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、資本市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、外匯市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和黃金市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),而一般根(gen)據金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)上交易工具的期限,把金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)分為(wei)貨(huo)幣(bi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和資本市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)兩大類。
1、貨(huo)幣市(shi)場
貨幣市場(chang)是融通短期資金的(de)市場(chang),包括(kuo)同(tong)業拆借市場(chang)、回購(gou)協議市場(chang)、商業票據市場(chang)、銀(yin)行承兌匯票市場(chang)、短期政府(fu)債(zhai)券市場(chang)、大面額可轉(zhuan)讓存單市場(chang)。
2、資本市場
資本市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是融(rong)(rong)(rong)通長期(qi)資金的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),包括中長期(qi)銀(yin)行(xing)信(xin)貸市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。中長期(qi)信(xin)貸市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是金融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構與(yu)工(gong)商企業之間的(de)貸款市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是通過證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)的(de)發行(xing)與(yu)交易進行(xing)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),包括債券(quan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、股票(piao)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、保險市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、融(rong)(rong)(rong)資租賃(lin)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)等。
3發展狀況編輯
目前,我國已基本(ben)形成了(le)貨幣市場(chang)、資本(ben)市場(chang)、外(wai)匯市場(chang)、黃(huang)金市場(chang)共(gong)存的(de)金融市場(chang)體系。
金(jin)融市場體系(xi)
上(shang)世紀80年(nian)代是我國金融市(shi)場(chang)(chang)體系建設的(de)起(qi)步階段。1984年(nian)*《關于(yu)城市(shi)經濟體制改革的(de)決(jue)定(ding)》指出:“要(yao)逐(zhu)步建立包括資金、勞(lao)動、技(ji)術(shu)在內的(de)生產要(yao)素市(shi)場(chang)(chang),發(fa)揮市(shi)場(chang)(chang)調節(jie)的(de)作用”。我國金融市(shi)場(chang)(chang)建設首(shou)先從貨幣市(shi)場(chang)(chang)開始,同業拆借市(shi)場(chang)(chang)、票據(ju)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)、國債回購市(shi)場(chang)(chang)先后得(de)到發(fa)展。
與此同時,隨著(zhu)1981年開(kai)始(shi)恢復國(guo)(guo)債(zhai)發行(xing),資本市場(chang)的發展也逐(zhu)漸起步。1991年上海證券交(jiao)易所和1992年深圳證券交(jiao)易所的建(jian)(jian)立,1997年全(quan)國(guo)(guo)銀行(xing)間債(zhai)券市場(chang)的建(jian)(jian)立,成為資本市場(chang)發展的重要(yao)轉折(zhe)。1994年外匯(hui)體制改革后,形成了全(quan)國(guo)(guo)統(tong)一的外匯(hui)市場(chang)。
新(xin)世紀以來,各類金融市場發展明顯加速,市場參與主體不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大,市場基礎建(jian)(jian)設不(bu)斷增強,交易和監管(guan)機制(zhi)不(bu)斷完(wan)善。2004年1月,*關于《推進資本(ben)市場改革(ge)開放若干問題(ti)的決定》,首(shou)次提出了建(jian)(jian)立多(duo)層次資本(ben)市場的要求。
2005年,*關于制定“十一(yi)五”規(gui)劃(hua)的建議又(you)將多層次(ci)資(zi)本市場(chang)(chang)(chang)的概(gai)念進一(yi)步(bu)擴大為多層次(ci)金(jin)融(rong)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)體系。上(shang)述變化既(ji)反映了(le)對(dui)金(jin)融(rong)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)作用和認識的不斷深化,也反映了(le)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)在資(zi)源配置(zhi)中基礎作用的不斷增強。
4聯動關(guan)系編輯
在一個成(cheng)熟的金(jin)(jin)融(rong)市(shi)場(chang)體系(xi)中,盡管(guan)包括貨幣市(shi)場(chang)、債券市(shi)場(chang)和股票市(shi)場(chang)在內的主要金(jin)(jin)融(rong)市(shi)場(chang)具(ju)有不同的
金融市場體系
金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)功能,驅動(dong)它們(men)演進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)隨機(ji)因素也(ye)有所差異(yi),但是(shi),由(you)于(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)參與主體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)一(yi),由(you)于(yu)各(ge)(ge)種可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)套利的(de)(de)(de)衍生(sheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)工具的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai),從而使得各(ge)(ge)個(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)具有相當(dang)穩定(ding)、密切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)長期(qi)均衡(heng)(heng)(heng)和(he)短期(qi)因果(guo)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。2000至2004年(nian)中國(guo)貨(huo)幣市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(銀行(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)拆借市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)回購市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang))、國(guo)債(zhai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(銀行(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)交(jiao)易所市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang))、股票市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(上交(jiao)所A股)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)三(san)個(ge)層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi):第(di)一(yi),各(ge)(ge)個(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)收益率(lv)或(huo)價格是(shi)否(fou)具有穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)無套利均衡(heng)(heng)(heng)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi);第(di)二,一(yi)旦無套利均衡(heng)(heng)(heng)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)被打(da)破,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)否(fou)能夠迅速進(jin)行(xing)調整,以(yi)恢復先前的(de)(de)(de)均衡(heng)(heng)(heng)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi);第(di)三(san),市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)否(fou)存(cun)在(zai)短期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)相互影(ying)響效(xiao)應,即(ji)短期(qi)因果(guo)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。由(you)這三(san)個(ge)層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi),即(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)大體(ti)反映(ying)我國(guo)整個(ge)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)。需要說(shuo)明的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),由(you)于(yu)存(cun)在(zai)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)缺陷我們(men)沒(mei)有將交(jiao)易所的(de)(de)(de)回購市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)納入(ru)研究視野。同時,由(you)于(yu)存(cun)在(zai)過度(du)的(de)(de)(de)管制(zhi),也(ye)沒(mei)有分析規模(mo)很小的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)債(zhai)券市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。
2000年后中國(guo)金融市場的(de)聯(lian)動關系(xi)(xi)2000年以來(lai)我國(guo)金融市場體系(xi)(xi)建設(she)步伐的(de)加快對(dui)加強市場間(jian)的(de)聯(lian)動關系(xi)(xi)無疑具有極大(da)的(de)作用。
5共性異同編(bian)輯(ji)
共性
金融(rong)市場體系中幾個主要的(de)子市場都有(you)其共性的(de)東西:
1、風(feng)險性(xing)(不確定性(xing)):如,股票市(shi)場(chang)的風(feng)險、外匯(hui)市(shi)場(chang)的風(feng)險。
2、價(jia)格以價(jia)值為基(ji)礎,供(gong)求(qiu)(qiu)關系的(de)影響:股票(piao)價(jia)格的(de)波動(dong)、債券(quan)價(jia)格的(de)波動(dong),最終都反(fan)應其價(jia)值,受(shou)供(gong)求(qiu)(qiu)關系的(de)影響。
3、影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)債券流通價(jia)(jia)格、影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)股票價(jia)(jia)格、匯(hui)率波動(dong)等的(de)基本(ben)面分(fen)析既要考慮(lv)宏觀經(jing)濟影(ying)(ying)響(xiang),也要考慮(lv)微(wei)觀經(jing)濟的(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)等。
金(jin)融市場體系中的相關(guan)相近或相異的內容:
1、金(jin)融市(shi)場的(de)功能(neng)(neng),同(tong)業(ye)拆借市(shi)場的(de)功能(neng)(neng),債券市(shi)場的(de)功能(neng)(neng),股票市(shi)場的(de)功能(neng)(neng),外匯市(shi)場的(de)功能(neng)(neng),期貨(huo)市(shi)場的(de)功能(neng)(neng)等。
2、外匯(hui)市(shi)場參(can)與(yu)者,期貨市(shi)場的(de)參(can)與(yu)者,同(tong)業拆借市(shi)場的(de)參(can)與(yu)者。
3、貼(tie)現(xian),轉貼(tie)現(xian),再貼(tie)現(xian)。
4、匯票,本票與支票的異同等等。
金融市場體(ti)系的(de)構建(jian)應重視的(de)六大關系
要加強多層(ceng)次、多元化的市場發展體系(xi)建設
要加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)多(duo)層(ceng)次、多(duo)元化的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)發展(zhan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設,并(bing)使這(zhe)些市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)發展(zhan)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)一個(ge)內容(rong)廣(guang)泛、層(ceng)次豐(feng)富的(de)(de)集合概念。多(duo)層(ceng)次、多(duo)元化的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)按照不(bu)(bu)同(tong)分類標準體(ti)(ti)現在(zai)多(duo)個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)。改革開(kai)放以來,我國金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)資(zi)(zi)源配置作(zuo)用不(bu)(bu)斷增強(qiang)。目前,已基本(ben)形成了貨幣(bi)(bi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、資(zi)(zi)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、外匯市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、黃金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)共(gong)存的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)(ti)系(xi),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)期貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)也將快速發展(zhan)。 國內金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)主要問(wen)題之(zhi)一是(shi)結構性失衡。直(zhi)接(jie)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)比例過低,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)內部(bu)的(de)(de)投(tou)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)主體(ti)(ti)存在(zai)結構性缺陷,各(ge)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)及(ji)子市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)發展(zhan)存在(zai)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡。跨市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)投(tou)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)交易工具(ju)(ju)還不(bu)(bu)夠豐(feng)富,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)發展(zhan)機(ji)制尚未有效建(jian)立(li),造成部(bu)分金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)價格扭(niu)曲和(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)流動(dong)(dong)不(bu)(bu)暢,不(bu)(bu)能有效滿足投(tou)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)多(duo)樣性需(xu)求,也不(bu)(bu)利市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)管理(li)。所(suo)以,要加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)發展(zhan)研究(jiu),鼓(gu)勵和(he)(he)支持(chi)跨市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)交易工具(ju)(ju)創(chuang)新,建(jian)立(li)并(bing)加(jia)(jia)快完善跨市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)監管和(he)(he)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)處置的(de)(de)聯(lian)合協(xie)調(diao)(diao)機(ji)制。央行及(ji)各(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)監管部(bu)門應保(bao)持(chi)政策的(de)(de)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)性,關注各(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)改革創(chuang)新開(kai)放力度及(ji)進(jin)程(cheng),努力保(bao)持(chi)各(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)發展(zhan),促進(jin)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)基礎產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)衍(yan)生產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、貨幣(bi)(bi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、外幣(bi)(bi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)本(ben)幣(bi)(bi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)發展(zhan),提(ti)高市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)源配置和(he)(he)投(tou)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)效率。
要有序促進國(guo)內金融市(shi)場融入(ru)國(guo)際市(shi)場
要(yao)有序促進國(guo)(guo)(guo)內金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)融入國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),主(zhu)動防(fang)范國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)風險傳遞,并分享(xiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)投融資(zi)機會。隨著我國(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化程度的提(ti)高(gao)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)內國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)聯(lian)結的日(ri)益緊密,我國(guo)(guo)(guo)金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)與(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)開始形(xing)成一(yi)定程度的聯(lian)動,有些(xie)金融產品價格走(zou)勢與(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)接近。但我國(guo)(guo)(guo)金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上所占份額仍然有限。
所以,要(yao)繼(ji)續增強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)外(wai)(wai)服務能(neng)力和吸(xi)引(yin)力,要(yao)進一(yi)步加強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)與(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)系,努力將(jiang)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)建成(cheng)(cheng)具有對(dui)外(wai)(wai)提(ti)供(gong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)交易服務能(neng)力、由境內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)參與(yu)(yu)者共同參與(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)、具有一(yi)定國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)或區域影(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。在(zai)條(tiao)件成(cheng)(cheng)熟后(hou)應逐步擴大(da)(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)境外(wai)(wai)參與(yu)(yu)者范圍。實(shi)踐證明,只要(yao)管理(li)到位,適當擴大(da)(da)(da)境外(wai)(wai)參與(yu)(yu)者對(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)參與(yu)(yu),有利于國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)活躍,有利于增強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)之間的(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)系,而不(bu)會對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)正常運行造成(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)規模沖擊(ji)。伴隨資本項目完全(quan)可(ke)兌換的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)步推進,逐步擴大(da)(da)(da)其他境外(wai)(wai)企(qi)業和金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構參與(yu)(yu)境內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)范圍。鼓(gu)勵國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)大(da)(da)(da)型金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構實(shi)現國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)化(hua)經(jing)營,更好(hao)地(di)發揮國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)重要(yao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)參與(yu)(yu)者在(zai)聯(lian)結(jie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方面的(de)(de)(de)作用。鼓(gu)勵境內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構和企(qi)業更加主動地(di)參與(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),鼓(gu)勵其成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)聯(lian)結(jie)者。但金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)外(wai)(wai)開放應積(ji)極(ji)穩(wen)(wen)妥有序,穩(wen)(wen)扎(zha)穩(wen)(wen)打,在(zai)開放的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi),不(bu)斷積(ji)累(lei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)風險管理(li)和監管的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗,防范國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)和影(ying)響,維護國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)定。
要(yao)建(jian)設具(ju)有高(gao)度誠信(xin)的市場信(xin)息披露(lu)機制
要建設具有(you)高度誠信(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)信(xin)(xin)息披(pi)露(lu)機制,為投(tou)資(zi)(zi)者創造公(gong)(gong)平、透明、可(ke)信(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)環境。信(xin)(xin)息披(pi)露(lu)直接關系(xi)到金融(rong)產品價格變(bian)動,進(jin)而(er)帶來市(shi)場(chang)收益分割,充分信(xin)(xin)息披(pi)露(lu)是進(jin)行(xing)市(shi)場(chang)理性投(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎。各國市(shi)場(chang)監(jian)管部(bu)門無不將持續的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息披(pi)露(lu),作為實現(xian)保護投(tou)資(zi)(zi)者合(he)法權(quan)益、保持市(shi)場(chang)透明、公(gong)(gong)正與(yu)效率,及降低系(xi)統性風險的(de)(de)(de)重要措施。
各國監(jian)管實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐表明(ming),單(dan)靠信(xin)息(xi)(xi)披露(lu)規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)強化,仍(reng)無法防(fang)止(zhi)利益驅動下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)造假行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為。公司(si)(si)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)披露(lu)規定(ding)本身,并不(bu)會促使不(bu)誠實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)經理人(ren)變得忠實(shi)(shi)(shi)。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)披露(lu)制(zhi)度(du)既需要(yao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)邊界清晰與完整的(de)(de)(de)披露(lu)制(zhi)度(du),還需要(yao)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)強有(you)(you)力的(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi),來確保制(zhi)度(du)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。如對證(zheng)券發行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)時的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)披露(lu),應當(dang)根據上述(shu)機(ji)(ji)構和人(ren)員(yuan)在信(xin)息(xi)(xi)披露(lu)中所起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作用規定(ding)各自的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)。發行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)、上市(shi)公司(si)(si)是信(xin)息(xi)(xi)披露(lu)的(de)(de)(de)義務主體,應當(dang)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)無過(guo)錯責任(ren)(ren)(ren),賠償投(tou)資者因此受到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)損失;發行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)、上市(shi)公司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)董(dong)事、監(jian)事、高(gao)級(ji)管理人(ren)員(yuan)以及保薦人(ren)、證(zheng)券服務機(ji)(ji)構應當(dang)按(an)照過(guo)錯責任(ren)(ren)(ren)原則,與發行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)連帶賠償責任(ren)(ren)(ren);發行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)、上市(shi)公司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)控股股東、實(shi)(shi)(shi)際控制(zhi)人(ren)有(you)(you)過(guo)錯的(de)(de)(de),也應當(dang)與發行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)連帶賠償責任(ren)(ren)(ren)。
有效、真實、透明的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息披露,除了(le)制度(du)的(de)(de)強制性外,還要(yao)靠市場(chang)主體(ti)高(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)自(zi)律(lv)來支持(chi)。要(yao)構建和(he)的(de)(de)金(jin)融(rong)市場(chang)體(ti)系,必須(xu)重(zhong)鑄社(she)會和(he)市場(chang)誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin),充(chong)分的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)披露必須(xu)建立在高(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)基礎(chu)之上。而(er)提高(gao)市場(chang)主體(ti)誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)度(du),也需要(yao)制度(du)和(he)自(zi)覺的(de)(de)誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)意識來實現(xian),要(yao)加大(da)失信(xin)(xin)(xin)者的(de)(de)成本,建立失信(xin)(xin)(xin)者的(de)(de)有效懲罰機制,營造(zao)有效的(de)(de)誠(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)文化。
要著重建立有效(xiao)保(bao)護中小投資者(zhe)利益的制度
要(yao)著重建(jian)立有(you)(you)效保(bao)護(hu)中(zhong)(zhong)小投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)者(zhe)利益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)制(zhi)度,這關系(xi)到(dao)社會(hui)的(de)(de)穩定。目前,中(zhong)(zhong)小投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)者(zhe)參與金(jin)(jin)融市(shi)場交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)(de)機會(hui)越來越多,數量日益(yi)(yi)龐大。但(dan)中(zhong)(zhong)小投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)者(zhe)因為(wei)消息、權力和(he)財富(fu)的(de)(de)不對稱身(shen)處市(shi)場競爭劣勢。同時,作為(wei)基(ji)礎最廣泛的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)小投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)者(zhe)群體利益(yi)(yi),直接關系(xi)到(dao)社會(hui)的(de)(de)穩定,是(shi)和(he)諧金(jin)(jin)融市(shi)場體系(xi)建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)重要(yao)的(de)(de)一環。隨著中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)證券(quan)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)者(zhe)保(bao)護(hu)基(ji)金(jin)(jin)有(you)(you)限責(ze)(ze)任(ren)公(gong)(gong)司(si)掛牌,標志著我國(guo)保(bao)護(hu)股(gu)市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)小投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)者(zhe)的(de)(de)制(zhi)度建(jian)設進入新階段(duan)。為(wei)有(you)(you)效保(bao)護(hu)中(zhong)(zhong)小投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)者(zhe)利益(yi)(yi),證券(quan)法修訂(ding)時已經給(gei)予(yu)高度關注,明確了保(bao)護(hu)中(zhong)(zhong)小投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)者(zhe)利益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)關鍵措施,“國(guo)家設立證券(quan)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)者(zhe)保(bao)護(hu)基(ji)金(jin)(jin)”位列其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)。同時還明確,對客戶保(bao)證金(jin)(jin)強制(zhi)托(tuo)管,證券(quan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)清算時,應(ying)當(dang)優先支付(fu)因挪用(yong)客戶資(zi)(zi)產(chan)而(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)債務;內幕交(jiao)易(yi)給(gei)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)者(zhe)造成(cheng)(cheng)損(sun)失的(de)(de),行為(wei)人(ren)應(ying)當(dang)依法承(cheng)擔賠(pei)償責(ze)(ze)任(ren);保(bao)薦(jian)人(ren)要(yao)對欺詐(zha)上市(shi)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)司(si)承(cheng)擔連(lian)帶責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。
但是,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)小(xiao)投資(zi)者(zhe)利(li)益(yi)是一(yi)個世界性話(hua)題和難題,要(yao)(yao)建立保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)小(xiao)投資(zi)者(zhe)利(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)長效機(ji)制,除(chu)了以法律法規作(zuo)為基礎性制度,依(yi)(yi)(yi)法治市、依(yi)(yi)(yi)法監管外,還要(yao)(yao)各部門(men)共同(tong)努力。不(bu)僅(jin)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)決策者(zhe)的(de)(de)決心(xin),更要(yao)(yao)避免某(mou)些政(zheng)策的(de)(de)草率性,保(bao)持出臺政(zheng)策的(de)(de)連貫性。任何政(zheng)策舉措的(de)(de)出臺,都(dou)要(yao)(yao)充分考慮廣大(da)(da)中(zhong)小(xiao)投資(zi)者(zhe)的(de)(de)承受能(neng)力,要(yao)(yao)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市場的(de)(de)穩定。上(shang)市公司是證(zheng)券市場的(de)(de)基石,要(yao)(yao)心(xin)中(zhong)裝著廣大(da)(da)股(gu)民(min)利(li)益(yi),努力提(ti)高對(dui)(dui)股(gu)東(dong)的(de)(de)回報(bao)。中(zhong)小(xiao)股(gu)東(dong)不(bu)可能(neng)直接參(can)與公司管理(li),因此,不(bu)斷(duan)完善(shan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)小(xiao)股(gu)東(dong)權(quan)益(yi)的(de)(de)法人治理(li)結構(gou)非(fei)常(chang)重要(yao)(yao),要(yao)(yao)努力體現和保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)小(xiao)股(gu)東(dong)的(de)(de)權(quan)益(yi)。同(tong)時,有關部門(men)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)強對(dui)(dui)市場中(zhong)介機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)管理(li)和清(qing)理(li),如對(dui)(dui)股(gu)評誤導(dao)投資(zi)者(zhe)也(ye)需(xu)依(yi)(yi)(yi)法賠(pei)償。為了保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)投資(zi)者(zhe)的(de)(de)利(li)益(yi),對(dui)(dui)通過媒體進行(xing)股(gu)評等傳播證(zheng)券信息的(de)(de)行(xing)為需(xu)要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)規范。凡是通過媒體發(fa)布(bu)虛假證(zheng)券消息,誤導(dao)投資(zi)者(zhe),使投資(zi)者(zhe)遭(zao)受損失的(de)(de),也(ye)應承擔民(min)事賠(pei)償責任。
要建立有效的市(shi)場風險和操作風險管理機制(zhi)
機構市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)要建(jian)(jian)立有效的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和操作(zuo)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)機制(zhi),將(jiang)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)控制(zhi)在能自身承受的(de)范圍內。目前,各(ge)監管部門都出臺了(le)相應的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)指引(yin),出臺了(le)內控制(zhi)度(du)評價管理(li)(li)辦(ban)法等文件(jian),有關市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交易(yi)平臺也注(zhu)重市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)提示,以(yi)幫助市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)增強(qiang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)意識,提高風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)能力。這些都是保(bao)持(chi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)穩定發展的(de)重要措施。同(tong)時,各(ge)機構類市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)都建(jian)(jian)立了(le)相應的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du),調整了(le)業(ye)務和風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)流(liu)程(cheng),充(chong)實了(le)人(ren)員和技術支持(chi)。但(dan)總(zong)體(ti)上,與我國金融市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)改革(ge)、創新及(ji)發展形(xing)勢要求(qiu)還有較大差距。
而(er)要有(you)效管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian),除了(le)要繼(ji)續完善有(you)關(guan)(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)外,關(guan)(guan)鍵要看市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)主體如(ru)何去貫(guan)徹有(you)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)指引和(he)自身的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),關(guan)(guan)鍵要看高(gao)層(ceng)是否重視。機構高(gao)層(ceng)要認真確(que)定(ding)有(you)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)戰(zhan)略和(he)政策(ce),確(que)定(ding)自身所(suo)能承受的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)水平,指導風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)部(bu)門和(he)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交易部(bu)門建(jian)立(li)科學的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)程序。由機構高(gao)層(ceng)做起,自上而(er)下(xia)推(tui)行建(jian)立(li)良好的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)文(wen)化(hua),是有(you)效防范風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)最關(guan)(guan)鍵因素。因為高(gao)層(ceng)行為和(he)價(jia)值取向(xiang)直接影(ying)響到(dao)各業(ye)務(wu)條(tiao)線和(he)業(ye)務(wu)部(bu)門風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)形(xing)成。同時(shi),要注重內審和(he)合規部(bu)門的(de)(de)作用(yong),使現有(you)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)執行到(dao)位(wei),加強制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)執行力。要注重人(ren)才隊伍建(jian)設,特別(bie)是市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)專業(ye)人(ren)員的(de)(de)儲備和(he)培養,這是有(you)效提升自身市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交易和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)能力的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵因素。
要重視金融市(shi)場(chang)的(de)生(sheng)態環境建設
要重視金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)建設,為市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)安(an)全、公平(ping)、高效率運行(xing)創造(zao)條件。金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)指的(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)影響金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)外部(bu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)和基礎(chu)條件,是(shi)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)發展必不可少的(de)(de)要素。金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)包(bao)括法(fa)律制度環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、公眾風險意(yi)識、中介服(fu)務體系、市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)信(xin)用體系、行(xing)政(zheng)管(guan)理體制等內(nei)容。大(da)力改善(shan)(shan)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing),要從改造(zao)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)微觀基礎(chu)、完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)法(fa)律制度環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)信(xin)用體系、規范與完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)中介服(fu)務體系、完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)監督管(guan)理體系這幾方面入(ru)手。
在金融(rong)市(shi)(shi)場參(can)與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)體方(fang)面,應大力(li)促進(jin)參(can)與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)體行為的(de)市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)(hua)與(yu)需求(qiu)的(de)多元(yuan)化(hua)(hua),培育機(ji)構投(tou)資(zi)(zi)者,并使個人(ren)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)者通過各(ge)種方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)入(ru)金融(rong)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)渠道更為通暢。此外(wai),要(yao)為企業年(nian)金、社保(bao)基金、住房(fang)公積金等集(ji)合性資(zi)(zi)金的(de)合規投(tou)資(zi)(zi)運作創造條(tiao)件。要(yao)繼續(xu)完善金融(rong)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)法(fa)律(lv)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)環(huan)境。要(yao)完善以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)人(ren)、貸款(kuan)人(ren)等金融(rong)市(shi)(shi)場參(can)與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)體的(de)合法(fa)權益(yi)的(de)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規,維護(hu)正常(chang)市(shi)(shi)場秩序。建立完善統一的(de)金融(rong)市(shi)(shi)場規章制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du),包括會(hui)計(ji)、審計(ji)、稅收以(yi)及信息(xi)披露制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)等,保(bao)證(zheng)市(shi)(shi)場公正性,提高市(shi)(shi)場透明度(du)(du)(du)。尤其要(yao)增強會(hui)計(ji)師(shi)事務(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)、律(lv)師(shi)事務(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)、信用評級機(ji)構等中介服務(wu)(wu)機(ji)構的(de)誠信度(du)(du)(du),純潔市(shi)(shi)場中介機(ji)構隊伍。
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