成炳國:安全生產如何做到盡職照單免責
基(ji)層(ceng)安監干(gan)部在我國的公(gong)務員中是(shi)一個非(fei)常悲催的群體,悲催在哪(na)兒呢?其他部門公(gong)務員只(zhi)要不(bu)(bu)貪(tan)污(wu)不(bu)(bu)受賄,基(ji)本不(bu)(bu)太(tai)可能(neng)被(bei)判刑(xing);而基(ji)層(ceng)安監干(gan)部即(ji)便不(bu)(bu)貪(tan)污(wu)不(bu)(bu)受賄,一旦轄(xia)區內企業發(fa)生(sheng)重特大(da)事故,他們(men)也可能(neng)被(bei)判刑(xing)。從山東淄博(bo)周村(cun),到(dao)(dao)河北(bei)衡水棗強;從湖(hu)南(nan)株洲醴陵,到(dao)(dao)內蒙赤峰(feng)元寶山……一次又一次安監干(gan)部被(bei)追究刑(xing)事責任的事例,讓安全(quan)監管(guan)成了一個最(zui)沒有(you)安全(quan)感的職業。
本(ben)人曾經寫過(guo)《生產(chan)安(an)全事故問責是“盡職免責”還是“株連九族”》對該問題進(jin)行過(guo)探討(tao)。可是,近期(qi)云南省金平縣(xian)(xian)法院(yuan)因安(an)監(jian)人員少轉發了(le)一份(fen)上(shang)級的文件(jian),認定該縣(xian)(xian)安(an)監(jian)局(ju)辦公室主任李某(mou)構(gou)成玩忽職守罪,又把安(an)全生產(chan)領域如何做到盡職免責推到了(le)風口浪尖。
一、負責需明責
安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)監(jian)督管理職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)分(fen)為(wei)法(fa)定(ding)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)兩部(bu)(bu)分(fen);工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)又分(fen)為(wei)崗位職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、授(shou)權職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、臨時職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。這(zhe)些職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)統統算作(zuo)“盡(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)范(fan)圍。安(an)(an)(an)監(jian)人(ren)(ren)員和其(qi)他負有(you)安(an)(an)(an)監(jian)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)員首(shou)先要(yao)掌握(wo)并履行《安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)法(fa)》及(ji)其(qi)他涉及(ji)本(ben)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)及(ji)規(gui)章(zhang)、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共*、*關于推進(jin)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)領域(yu)改革(ge)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)意見》等(deng)規(gui)范(fan)性文件劃定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)定(ding)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。其(qi)次要(yao)認(ren)真(zhen)領會(hui)并嚴格(ge)落(luo)(luo)實各級政府或有(you)關部(bu)(bu)門依法(fa)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)文件、方案、制度和計劃。也就是(shi)說(shuo)法(fa)定(ding)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被轉化為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze),要(yao)求(qiu)安(an)(an)(an)監(jian)人(ren)(ren)員認(ren)真(zhen)履行。事(shi)故(gu)調查中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)往往追查的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)些人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)按照(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)部(bu)(bu)署方案和安(an)(an)(an)排計劃去(qu)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),從而認(ren)定(ding)他侵犯了(le)(le)(le)安(an)(an)(an)監(jian)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。所以(yi)我(wo)們(men)日常工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)履行了(le)(le)(le)法(fa)定(ding)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)就完(wan)事(shi)了(le)(le)(le),還有(you)大量的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)需要(yao)我(wo)們(men)去(qu)遵守落(luo)(luo)實。只要(yao)有(you)一(yi)(yi)項不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又因此發(fa)生了(le)(le)(le)生產(chan)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)事(shi)故(gu),我(wo)們(men)就成了(le)(le)(le)被問責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)對象(xiang)。既然工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)也是(shi)我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)“責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)”,這(zhe)就要(yao)求(qiu)我(wo)們(men)平(ping)時在(zai)起草會(hui)議講(jiang)話、文件、方案、制度和計劃時不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)太滿(man),諸如橫(heng)向(xiang)到邊(bian)、縱向(xiang)到底、不(bu)(bu)(bu)留盲(mang)(mang)區、全(quan)覆蓋,不(bu)(bu)(bu)留死角、不(bu)(bu)(bu)留盲(mang)(mang)點、徹(che)查安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)隱患、100%等(deng)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到的(de)(de)(de)堅決(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)寫(xie),否(fou)則,等(deng)著檢察院來找你吧!
二、盡責方免責
目前,新安(an)(an)法(fa)和(he)*行(xing)政(zheng)法(fa)規(gui)里(li)面(mian)沒有(you)安(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)盡職免責(ze)的(de)概念。《安(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)監(jian)管(guan)監(jian)察職責(ze)和(he)行(xing)政(zheng)執法(fa)責(ze)任(ren)追(zhui)究的(de)規(gui)定》(國家安(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)總局令第24號)有(you)十種情形安(an)(an)全(quan)監(jian)管(guan)監(jian)察部門及其(qi)內(nei)設機構、行(xing)政(zheng)執法(fa)人員不承擔責(ze)任(ren),但法(fa)律效力太低,問責(ze)部門一般不予(yu)認可(ke)。所以本(ben)人曾(ceng)經在《生產(chan)(chan)(chan)安(an)(an)全(quan)事(shi)故問責(ze)是(shi)“盡職免責(ze)”還是(shi)“株連九族(zu)”?》文章里(li)面(mian)提出,安(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)領域沒有(you)盡職免責(ze),只有(you)盡職減(jian)責(ze)。
令人欣慰的是,國(guo)家安監總局近年(nian)來越(yue)發意(yi)識到當前責任追究(jiu)對(dui)安監隊伍穩定性的負面影響,已(yi)經或(huo)正在采(cai)取措施,力求從頂層(ceng)設計角度改變困局。
《中(zhong)共*、*關(guan)于推進安全生產領域(yu)改革發展的意(yi)見》提出要“依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規制定各有關(guan)部門安全生產權力(li)和(he)責(ze)任清單(dan)(dan),盡職(zhi)(zhi)照單(dan)(dan)免(mian)責(ze)、失職(zhi)(zhi)照單(dan)(dan)問責(ze)”,讓多(duo)少安監人看到了希望。但是,一只靴(xue)子(zi)自2016年12月9日(ri)落地,到現在(zai)沒有聽到另一只靴(xue)子(zi)落地的聲音。
但近(jin)期(qi)有兩件事令(ling)人鼓舞,一是為貫徹落實《中共**關于推進安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)領域改(gai)革發(fa)展的意見(jian)》,今年6月23日,國家(jia)安(an)(an)監總局網站發(fa)函,正(zheng)式就《中華人民(min)共和國安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)法(部(bu)分條款修改(gai)建(jian)議對照稿)》公開征求(qiu)(qiu)意見(jian),其中第六十(shi)八條修改(gai)見(jian)圖(tu)(tu)1。第六十(shi)八條的修改(gai)如果能夠通過,安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)才真正(zheng)有了“盡職免(mian)責”尚(shang)方寶劍。二是今年2月23日,安(an)(an)監總局政策法規司就《安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)“十(shi)三五”立法規劃(草(cao)案)》征求(qiu)(qiu)意見(jian),有這樣一項立法任務(wu)非常值得安(an)(an)監干部(bu)關注,詳見(jian)圖(tu)(tu)2。
請(qing)大家(jia)注意兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)紅框(kuang)(kuang)內的(de)內容。第(di)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)紅框(kuang)(kuang)內指出(chu)了(le)當(dang)(dang)前(qian)基(ji)層(ceng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)干部(bu)(bu)(bu)面臨責(ze)(ze)(ze)任追(zhui)究的(de)困境,并且列(lie)舉了(le)重慶綦江26名安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)干部(bu)(bu)(bu)集體辭職(zhi)(zhi)等案(an)例(li)作為(wei)論據(ju)。看得(de)出(chu)來國家(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)總局(ju)(ju)政法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)司在起草“草案(an)”時,是(shi)完全從實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況出(chu)發而且不回避問(wen)題(ti)的(de),也是(shi)想通過立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解(jie)(jie)決實(shi)際(ji)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)。這(zhe)是(shi)國家(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)總局(ju)(ju)對基(ji)層(ceng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)干部(bu)(bu)(bu)被(bei)(bei)追(zhui)究責(ze)(ze)(ze)任的(de)態度(du)和立場,所以朋(peng)友(you)們千萬(wan)別認為(wei)國家(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)總局(ju)(ju)沒把大家(jia)的(de)訴求當(dang)(dang)回事。第(di)二個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)紅框(kuang)(kuang)內有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)看點(dian),其一,將來要(yao)制定的(de)《安(an)(an)(an)(an)全監(jian)管(guan)監(jian)察(cha)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)履行(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)規定》是(shi)由*制定的(de)行(xing)政法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規,這(zhe)極(ji)大程度(du)地提高了(le)《規定》的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律地位。其二,《安(an)(an)(an)(an)全監(jian)管(guan)監(jian)察(cha)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)履行(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)規定》要(yao)解(jie)(jie)決的(de)是(shi)這(zhe)些問(wen)題(ti):1、安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任邊界如(ru)何確定?2、安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)干部(bu)(bu)(bu)應該(gai)履行(xing)的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)哪些?3、只有(you)達到(dao)哪些情(qing)形安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)干部(bu)(bu)(bu)才可能被(bei)(bei)追(zhui)究責(ze)(ze)(ze)任?解(jie)(jie)決了(le)這(zhe)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)問(wen)題(ti),安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)干部(bu)(bu)(bu)盡職(zhi)(zhi)免責(ze)(ze)(ze)也就真正(zheng)有(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可依了(le),安(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)干部(bu)(bu)(bu)被(bei)(bei)以各種很牽強的(de)理由追(zhui)責(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)事情(qing)也會越(yue)來越(yue)少(shao)。
“盡職(zhi)(zhi)照(zhao)(zhao)單免(mian)責(ze)(ze)(ze)、失職(zhi)(zhi)照(zhao)(zhao)單問責(ze)(ze)(ze)”里面的“單”到(dao)底是什么,現在議論紛紛。本人認(ren)為這里的“單”,就(jiu)是我(wo)(wo)們(men)的法定(ding)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)和工作職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)。也就(jiu)是說我(wo)(wo)們(men)認(ren)真履(lv)行了(le)法定(ding)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)和工作職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)就(jiu)可以做到(dao)免(mian)責(ze)(ze)(ze)。
免責(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有責(ze)(ze)(ze),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)某些原因(yin)免掉了(le)(le),盡(jin)(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)應該(gai)(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)責(ze)(ze)(ze),因(yin)此不(bu)存(cun)在也無(wu)需談(tan)免責(ze)(ze)(ze)。無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)哪一個行(xing)業領域,也無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)一個崗位,我們強調的(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)盡(jin)(jin)責(ze)(ze)(ze)。都盡(jin)(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le),還應該(gai)(gai)有責(ze)(ze)(ze)?交警是(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)管(guan)駕駛行(xing)為的(de)(de),因(yin)為有人(ren)違法駕駛導致(zhi)事故是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)就應該(gai)(gai)追究交警責(ze)(ze)(ze)任?紀委是(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)督(du)黨委政(zheng)府(fu)工(gong)作人(ren)員的(de)(de),因(yin)為有人(ren)腐敗(bai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)就應該(gai)(gai)追究紀委責(ze)(ze)(ze)任?因(yin)此,盡(jin)(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)免責(ze)(ze)(ze)下一步應該(gai)(gai)改為“盡(jin)(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)”。
三、失責必追責
這(zhe)幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian),安全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產“追責”這(zhe)把“達(da)摩克(ke)利斯之劍”懸的(de)(de)(de)越發明晃晃、越發鋒利。“失職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)追責”讓很多(duo)人心有(you)(you)惴惴、寢食難安。生(sheng)(sheng)產安全(quan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)問責分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)失職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)瀆(du)(du)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩種,失職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就是(shi)(shi)該你(ni)干(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)干(gan)(gan)了(le)但(dan)沒(mei)有(you)(you)干(gan)(gan)好,主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)指不作(zuo)為(wei)(wei),失職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)紀政紀處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen),由(you)生(sheng)(sheng)產安全(quan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)調查組(zu)做出(chu)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)紀處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)(you)警(jing)告(gao)(gao)(gao)、嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)警(jing)告(gao)(gao)(gao)、留(liu)(liu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)察(cha)看(kan)、撤銷(xiao)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務、開除(chu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)籍(ji)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)紀處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)(you)效期(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei):1、警(jing)告(gao)(gao)(gao)或者(zhe)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)警(jing)告(gao)(gao)(gao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen):一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)不得(de)(de)在黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)提(ti)升(sheng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務和(he)向黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外組(zu)織(zhi)推(tui)薦擔任(ren)(ren)高于其(qi)原任(ren)(ren)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務的(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務。2、留(liu)(liu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)察(cha)看(kan)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)、留(liu)(liu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)察(cha)看(kan)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian):對于受到(dao)(dao)留(liu)(liu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)察(cha)看(kan)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員,期(qi)滿后仍不符合恢(hui)復(fu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員權利條件的(de)(de)(de),再延長一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)留(liu)(liu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)察(cha)看(kan)期(qi)限。留(liu)(liu)察(cha)看(kan)期(qi)限最長不得(de)(de)超過二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。3、撤銷(xiao)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen):二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)不得(de)(de)在黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)擔任(ren)(ren)和(he)向黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外組(zu)織(zhi)推(tui)薦擔任(ren)(ren)與其(qi)原任(ren)(ren)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務相當或者(zhe)高于其(qi)原任(ren)(ren)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務。4、開除(chu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)籍(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)不得(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)入黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)。政紀處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)(you)警(jing)告(gao)(gao)(gao)、記(ji)過、記(ji)大過、降級(ji)、撤職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、開除(chu)。政紀處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)(you)效期(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei):1、警(jing)告(gao)(gao)(gao),半(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian);2、記(ji)過,一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian);3、記(ji)大過,一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)半(ban)(ban);4、降級(ji)、撤職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)。根據事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)等級(ji)不同處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)領導干(gan)(gan)部(bu)級(ji)別(bie)也不一(yi)(yi)樣,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei):較大事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)到(dao)(dao)科(ke)級(ji);重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)到(dao)(dao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji);特別(bie)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)到(dao)(dao)廳級(ji),以(yi)此類(lei)推(tui),情(qing)節嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或者(zhe)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)連續發生(sheng)(sheng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de),上(shang)(shang)追一(yi)(yi)級(ji)。瀆(du)(du)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)該你(ni)干(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)沒(mei)去干(gan)(gan)或不該你(ni)干(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)你(ni)去干(gan)(gan)了(le),并且造成嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后果(guo),主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)指亂作(zuo)為(wei)(wei),瀆(du)(du)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罰由(you)司法機關(guan)做出(chu)。企業人員一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)觸(chu)犯(fan)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產瀆(du)(du)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪有(you)(you):1、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大責任(ren)(ren)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)罪; 2、強令違章冒(mao)險作(zuo)業罪; 3、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大勞動安全(quan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)罪;4、大型(xing)群眾性活(huo)動重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大安全(quan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)罪; 5、危險物品肇事(shi)(shi)(shi)罪;6、工程重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大安全(quan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)罪;7、教育設施(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大安全(quan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)罪;8、不報(bao)、謊(huang)報(bao)安全(quan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)罪;9、消防責任(ren)(ren)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)罪等。國家(jia)工作(zuo)人員一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)觸(chu)犯(fan)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)犯(fan)罪有(you)(you):1、濫用職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權罪;2、玩(wan)忽職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守罪;3、徇私(si)舞弊不移交刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)案件罪等。觸(chu)犯(fan)安全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)犯(fan)罪一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)判(pan)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)期(qi)徒刑或者(zhe)拘役;情(qing)節特別(bie)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de),處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)期(qi)徒刑。
我們(men)的(de)(de)法制(zhi)在逐步完善,法律的(de)(de)精神除(chu)了處罰(fa)有罪者(zhe)(zhe)還有保(bao)護無罪者(zhe)(zhe);除(chu)了警示的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用,應(ying)該也有正面引導作(zuo)(zuo)用。我們(men)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo),應(ying)該從不安(an)全到安(an)全過(guo)渡,應(ying)該從被動(dong)安(an)全到主動(dong)安(an)全過(guo)渡;我們(men)的(de)(de)責(ze)任也應(ying)該從“失(shi)(shi)職追責(ze)”到“盡(jin)職無責(ze)”過(guo)渡,讓“失(shi)(shi)職”的(de)(de)人(ren)越來(lai)越少,“盡(jin)職”的(de)(de)人(ren)越來(lai)越多。因為(wei)失(shi)(shi)職少了,盡(jin)職多了,事故(gu)少了,安(an)全多了。
作(zuo)者(zhe):山東省(sheng)安全生產監督(du)管理(li)局(ju)成炳國
轉載://citymember.cn/zixun_detail/30167.html